AUTHOR=Ji Min , Jin Shumin , Zang Shaolei , Li Peng , Lu Fei , Zhao Chuanli , Zhang Chunqing , Ji Chunyan , Ye Jingjing TITLE=Castleman disease variant of POEMS syndrome without M protein: a case report JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology VOLUME=Volume 14 - 2024 YEAR=2024 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2024.1449945 DOI=10.3389/fonc.2024.1449945 ISSN=2234-943X ABSTRACT=POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein, skin changes) syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with an underlying plasma cell neoplasm. According to the current diagnostic criteria for POEMS syndrome, the presence of characteristic polyneuropathy and clonal plasma cell disorder are required for diagnosis. We report a case of a Castleman disease variant of POEMS syndrome without monoclonal protein (M protein) expression, which presented with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, skin lesions, and sclerotic bone lesions. The patient was treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (RD), after which her symptoms improved. The findings in this case suggest that the diagnostic criteria for POEMS syndrome might require reconsideration.