AUTHOR=Chen Zheng , Zheng Xuan , Lin Qin 

TITLE=A case report and literature review: leiomyosarcoma or perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm?

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology

VOLUME=Volume 14 - 2024

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2024.1499403

DOI=10.3389/fonc.2024.1499403

ISSN=2234-943X

ABSTRACT=The distinction between a uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) and a perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm (PEComa) can be quite challenging. Here we report a 39-year-old woman who underwent a hysteroscopic myomectomy. An intraoperative frozen section pathological examination revealed that the mass was likely to be a mesenchymal malignancy. After consultation with her family, a total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. Postoperative pathological examinations suggested leiomyosarcoma but a malignant PEComa cannot be completely excluded. Combining the present case and prior studies, we summarized the clinical manifestations, pathological features, genomic characterization, and treatment of LMS and PEComa.