AUTHOR=AlOsaimi Hind M. , Alshilash Aseel M. , Al-Saif Layan K. , Bosbait Jannat M. , Albeladi Roaa S. , Almutairi Dalal R. , Alhazzaa Alwaleed A. , Alluqmani Tariq A. , Al Qahtani Saud M. , Almohammadi Sara A. , Alamri Razan A. , Alkurdi Abdullah A. , Aljohani Waleed K. , Alraddadi Raghad H. , Alshammari Mohammed K. 

TITLE=AI models for the identification of prognostic and predictive biomarkers in lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology

VOLUME=Volume 15 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1424647

DOI=10.3389/fonc.2025.1424647

ISSN=2234-943X

ABSTRACT=IntroductionThis systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI) models in identifying prognostic and predictive biomarkers in lung cancer. With the increasing complexity of lung cancer subtypes and the need for personalized treatment strategies, AI-driven approaches offer a promising avenue for biomarker discovery and clinical decision-making.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted in multiple electronic databases to identify relevant studies published up to date. Studies investigating AI models for the identification of prognostic and predictive biomarkers in lung cancer were included. Data extraction, quality assessment, and meta-analysis were performed according to PRISMA guidelines.ResultsA total of 34 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing diverse AI methodologies and biomarker targets. AI models, particularly deep learning and machine learning algorithms demonstrated high accuracy in predicting biomarker status. Most of the studies developed models for the prediction of EGFR, followed by PD-L1 and ALK biomarkers in lung cancer. Internal and external validation techniques confirmed the robustness and generalizability of AI-driven predictions across heterogeneous patient cohorts. According to our results, the pooled sensitivity and pooled specificity of AI models for the prediction of biomarkers of lung cancer were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.72 – 0.82) and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.78 – 0.84).ConclusionThe findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis highlight the significant potential of AI models in facilitating non-invasive assessment of prognostic and predictive biomarkers in lung cancer. By enhancing diagnostic accuracy and guiding treatment selection, AI-driven approaches have the potential to revolutionize personalized oncology and improve patient outcomes in lung cancer management. Further research is warranted to validate and optimize the clinical utility of AI-driven biomarkers in large-scale prospective studies.