AUTHOR=Fang Junlong , Liu Ming , Song Zhijing , Zhang Yifang , Shi Bo , Liu Jian , Zhang Sai 

TITLE=Predicting lymphovascular space invasion in early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma using heart rate variability

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology

VOLUME=Volume 15 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1562347

DOI=10.3389/fonc.2025.1562347

ISSN=2234-943X

ABSTRACT=BackgroundAccurate preoperative assessment of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) in patients with early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma (ECSCC) is clinically significant for guiding treatment decisions and predicting prognosis. However, current LVSI assessment of ECSCC mainly relies on the invasive method of pathological biopsy, which needs to be further improved in terms of convenience. The main objective of this study is to verify the value of preoperative heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in predicting ECSCC LVSI.MethodsA total of 79 patients with ECSCC confirmed by postoperative pathology were enrolled in this study at the Department of Gynecologic Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University. Patients were classified as LVSI-positive (LVSI+) or LVSI-negative (LVSI-) based on pathological examination. Preoperative 5-minute electrocardiogram (ECG) data were collected from all patients, and their HRV parameters were analysed, including 7 time-domain parameters, 5 frequency-domain parameters, and 2 nonlinear parameters. Ten HRV features were selected through univariate analysis, and a logistic model was constructed using age, body mass index, menopausal status, and mean heart rate to predict LVSI status. The model performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity.ResultsThe constructed model showed good predictive performance, with an AUC of 0.845 (95% CI: 0.761 - 0.930), sensitivity of 0.871, specificity of 0.750, precision of 0.690, and accuracy of 0.747.ConclusionsThe Logistic model constructed based on HRV features has a relatively good diagnostic performance in predicting the LVSI status of ECSCC, but further research is still needed through larger datasets, more features, and the combination of machine learning models.