AUTHOR=Wolf Julian , Hajdu Rozina Ida , Boneva Stefaniya , Godbole Ira , Stürzbecher Lucas , Auw-Haedrich Claudia , Lagrèze Wolf A. , Agostini Hansjürgen , Reinhard Thomas , Tholen Stefan , Schilling Oliver , Schlunck Günther , Bengsch Bertram , Lange Clemens 

TITLE=A proteotranscriptomic approach to dissect the molecular landscape of human retinoblastoma

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology

VOLUME=Volume 15 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1571702

DOI=10.3389/fonc.2025.1571702

ISSN=2234-943X

ABSTRACT=BackgroundRetinoblastoma is a rare pediatric eye cancer caused by mutations in the RB1 gene, which regulates retinal cell growth. Early detection and treatment are critical for preventing vision loss and improving survival outcomes. This study aimed to perform an integrated proteotranscriptomic characterization of human retinoblastoma to provide a deeper understanding of disease biology and to identify novel therapeutic targets.MethodsPaired tumor and adjacent retinal tissue samples were dissected from seven eyes. RNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were performed on the same samples. The spatially resolved cellular landscape was assessed using Imaging Mass Cytometry (IMC).ResultsThe correlation between RNA and protein level was moderate with variations across different pathways, underscoring the value of an integrated proteotranscriptomic approach. IMC identified more than 67,000 single cells in 11 distinct clusters, including antigen presenting cells, T cells, stroma cells, vascular cells and two clusters of proliferating and CD44/c-Myc positive tumor cells. Antigen presenting cells expressed higher levels of CD68 in retinoblastoma compared to controls. ConclusionsCD44+ and high-c-Myc-expressing tumor cells may represent cancer stem cells with possible involvement in metastasis, warranting further validation. Our multilayered approach could pave the way for enhanced molecular assessments and novel targeted therapies for human retinoblastoma.