AUTHOR=Kang Wei , Feng Miaomiao , Liu Xintong , Duan Anle , Tang Beiyan , Yan Hong , Dong Qiang , Zhao Xianjun , Duan Lei , Pan Yawen 

TITLE=Intracranial neuroendocrine carcinoma with coexisting pituitary adenoma: a case report and comprehensive literature review

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology

VOLUME=Volume 15 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1572068

DOI=10.3389/fonc.2025.1572068

ISSN=2234-943X

ABSTRACT=Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) originating from intracranial sites are exceedingly rare. Here, we present the case of a 29-year-old female with intracranial NEC coexisting with a pituitary adenoma (PA). The patient’s symptoms included intermittent headaches, visual impairment, and endocrine abnormalities. Imaging studies revealed a large lobulated mass in the left frontal lobe and a mass lesion in the sellar region. Laboratory investigations indicated elevated levels of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH). Surgical resection of the frontal lobe tumor was performed initially, followed by neuroendoscopic transsphenoidal resection of the sellar lesion. The case underscores the diagnostic complexity of intracranial NEC due to its nonspecific clinical and radiological manifestations. Surgery remains the primary treatment modality, with adjunctive radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Further research is essential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and refine treatment strategies for intracranial NEC.