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        <title>Frontiers in Ophthalmology | Glaucoma section | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/ophthalmology/sections/glaucoma</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Glaucoma section in the Frontiers in Ophthalmology journal | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-05-13T06:12:30.484+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2026.1677323</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2026.1677323</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Advanced bilateral glaucoma decades after first-generation Fyodorov ‘collar-button’ anterior–posterior phakic intraocular lens implantation: a case report and clinical management considerations]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Case Report</category>
        <author>Monika Sarnat-Kucharczyk</author><author>Anna Hitnarowicz</author><author>Aleksandra Ziemba</author><author>Dorota Pojda-Wilczek</author><author>Ewa Mrukwa-Kominek</author><author>Sudi Patel</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundPhakic intraocular lenses (pIOLs), used to correct high refractive errors, have since been associated with long-term complications including glaucoma and cataract formation. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in these patients can be challenging to manage, often requiring surgical intervention. Micropulse trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-TSCPC) offers a less invasive option for IOP control in refractory cases. This report describes a patient with advanced glaucomatous optic neuropathy decades after undergoing pIOL implantation and the successful use of MP-TSCPC.Case presentationA 45-year-old male presented in June 2023 with advanced glaucomatous optic neuropathy following bilateral implantation of a first-generation Fyodorov “collar-button” phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) performed 25 years earlier. The patient experienced worsening vision in both eyes. Visual acuity testing, slit-lamp examination, static visual field (VF) assessment, anterior and posterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT, PS-OCT), pattern and flash visual evoked potentials (PVEP/FVEP) were performed. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 0.9 in the RE and 1.0 in the left eye LE on the Snellen chart. Corrected near visual acuity (CNVA) was 0.5 on the Jaeger chart in both eyes. IOP was 26 mmHg in the RE and 24 mmHg in the LE. Slit-lamp examination revealed the presence of pIOLs with anterior capsular cataracts in both eyes. Fundoscopy showed severe glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Gonioscopy indicated a 30-degree angle width with grade 3 trabecular pigmentation. Visual field testing revealed advanced scotomata. PS-OCT confirmed severe ganglion cell and retinal nerve fiber loss. Performed examinations confirmed bilateral glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy. Despite the use of antiglaucoma medications, IOP remained elevated 3 weeks later measuring 23 mmHg in the RE and 21 mmHg in the LE. Due to persistently elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) despite pharmacological treatment, micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-TSCPC) was performed in the right eye (RE). Following MP-TSCPC in the RE, the IOP decreased to 16 mmHg. The LE was managed pharmacologically, achieving favorable outcomes.ConclusionLong-term follow-up is essential in patients with anterior chamber phakic IOLs due to the risk of progressive complications such as cataract formation and secondary glaucoma. Early diagnosis of glaucoma could have prevented advanced optic nerve damage in the presented patient. In complex cases with multiple potential causes of visual impairment, electrophysiological examinations may serve as a supportive tool in the differential diagnosis of optic neuropathies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2026.1738832</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2026.1738832</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A novel retrobulbar/intraconal surgical approach with combined cataract extraction and a modified AHMED ClearPath 250mm2 tube in the ciliary sulcus with an inferior sclerotomy in black and Afro-Latino patients with advanced glaucoma: a 6-month retrospective study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Daniel Laroche</author><author>Idaima Calderon</author><author>Imani Nwokeji</author>
        <description><![CDATA[AimThe purpose of this early safety and technical feasibility study was to evaluate the real-world performance of cataract extraction combined with a modified Ahmed ClearPath 250 mm² glaucoma drainage device placed in the retrobulbar/intraconal space with inferior sclerotomy in glaucoma patients, focusing on surgical tolerability, device stability, and preliminary safety outcomes while acknowledging limitations in sample size and follow-up that preclude definitive efficacy claims.MethodsThis study was conducted at Advanced Eye Care of New York, a private practice located in NY, NY. This was a single-center, retrospective study of 12 patients who underwent combined phacoemulsification cataract surgery and glaucoma surgery using a retrobulbar/intraconal AHMED® ClearPath 250mm2 and an inferior sclerotomy technique. We report results at 6 months of follow-up. Investigated parameters were intraocular pressure, number of medications, mean deviation on visual field test, visual acuity, and adverse events.ResultsAmong all the 12 eyes undergoing combined cataract extraction and retrobulbar/intraconal AHMED® ClearPath 250mm² placement with inferior sclerotomy, mean IOP decreased from 18.08 to 14.83 mmHg (18.0% reduction) at 6 months. Topical medications decreased from 2.67 to 1.0 (62.5% reduction). Visual field MD remained stable (-18.59 dB to -18.15 dB). Five patients achieved trabeculectomy-like results (IOP ≤12 mmHg on ≤1 medication). Complications were limited to temporary post-op hypotony and shallow anterior chamber, with no bleb, diplopia, or additional astigmatism.ConclusionCataract extraction combined with a modified Ahmed ClearPath 250 mm² glaucoma drainage device placed in the retrobulbar/intraconal space via inferior sclerotomy shows preliminary promise in reducing intraocular pressure and medication burden in Black and Afro-Latino patients with advanced glaucoma. These exploratory findings from a small cohort suggest technical feasibility and short-term safety, warranting further research with larger samples and longer follow-up to confirm efficacy and generalizability.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2026.1687212</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2026.1687212</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Normative optical coherence tomography-based measurements and classification of optic nerve head parameters in adult Congolese subjects]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-22T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Elke N. Balayi</author><author>Nelly N. Kabedi</author><author>Doudou Ngwanza</author><author>Joseph-Theodore Kelekele</author><author>Jean-Claude Mwanza</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundNormative data on optic nerve head (ONH) topographic measurements are scarce among black people residing in Africa. Such measurements obtained with imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) are crucial for the diagnosis and management of optic nerve diseases, particularly glaucoma. They assist clinicians in identifying deviations that may indicate disease or abnormalities. The aim of this study was to determine normal reference values of ONH topographic measurements in a Congolese adult population using OCT.MethodsHospital-based cross-sectional observational study of 263 healthy adult subjects (18–76 years) who were scanned with a Topcon 3D OCT-2000 device using the optic disc scan pattern. The 2.5th, 5th, median, 95th, and 97.5th percentiles, and the mean of the optic disc area (ODA), optic disc vertical diameter (ODVD), optic disc horizontal diameter (ODHD), vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR), area cup-to-disc ratio (ACDR), optic disc cup area (ODCA), and optic disc rim area (ODRA) were determined.ResultsThe median (IQR) was 2.70 (0.92) mm2 for ODA, 2.03 (0.32) mm for ODVD, 1.70 (0.5) mm for ODHD, 0.57 (0.20) for VCDR, 0.89 (0.81) mm2 for ODCA, 1.74 (0.75) mm2 for ODRA. The lower and upper limits of normality were 1.88 and 4.67 mm2 (ODA), 1.64 and 2.64 mm (ODVD), 0.00 and 0.81 (VCDR), 0.00 and 2.60 mm2 (ODCA), and 1.63 and 3.22 mm2 (ODRA). For OCT classification, the range of 2.02-4.19 mm2 was considered normal for ODA, 1.73-2.51 mm for ODVD, 0.23-0.76 for VCDR, 0.04-0.63 for ACDR, 0.11-2.33 mm2 for ODCA, and 1.69-3.01 mm2 for ODRA. ODRA was significantly larger in women than men. None of the optic disc parameters correlated with age.ConclusionThis study provides population-specific normative data describing ONH morphology in healthy Congolese adults, addressing a critical gap for African populations that remain underrepresented in ocular imaging research. These ONH measurements were significantly greater than found in other populations. They may be used for diagnostic reliability and classification of Congolese subjects.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1727063</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1727063</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Diagnostic challenges in high myopia: identification of sight-threatening complications and the role of artificial intelligence]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-15T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Shiqi Zhang</author><author>Jiaqi Chen</author><author>Hongli Yang</author><author>Huiping Yuan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[High myopia (HM), defined as a spherical equivalent refractive error ≤ -5.00 or ≤ -6.00 diopters or axial length (AL) ≥ 26.0 mm, is a significant public health concern with a rapidly increasing prevalence, particularly in East Asia. Beyond impaired uncorrected vision, HM is associated with sight-threatening structural changes, including myopic maculopathy, choroidal neovascularization, retinal detachment, and glaucoma. The overlapping and atypical presentations of these complications pose considerable diagnostic challenges, often delaying intervention and complicating clinical management. This review synthesizes current knowledge on HM, emphasizing the spectrum of ocular complications and the multifaceted diagnostic dilemmas encountered. We have summarized the application of conventional and emerging diagnostic techniques—such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), ultra-widefield imaging, and fluorescein angiography in the diagnosis of high myopia and highlight the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, particularly through the analysis of retinal images and OCT data. AI-based systems demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity in detecting HM-related pathologies, offering potential for large-scale screening and early intervention. Future directions include the development of integrated multimodal imaging platforms, genetic and metabolic biomarkers, and AI-driven predictive models to support personalized management strategies. This comprehensive overview underscores the need for advanced, accessible diagnostic tools to alleviate the burden associated with high myopia.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1632827</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1632827</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Predicting progressive vision loss in glaucoma patients using functional principal component analysis and electronic health records]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-11-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Rithvik Krishna Donnipadu</author><author>Maxim Sivolella</author><author>Cody Carroll</author><author>Sophia Y. Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundGlaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Predicting a patient’s future clinical trajectory would help physicians personalize management. We present a novel approach for predicting patient visual field (VF) progression by combining Functional Principal Component Analysis (FPCA) with electronic health record (EHR) data.MethodsWe identified glaucoma patients using diagnosis codes who had >=3 VF tests. We developed a 2-stage modeling pipeline: 1) Patients were split 80:10:10 into train, validation, and test sets and classified as fast-progressors or slow-progressors. 2) FPCA was used to predict mean deviation (MD) trajectories over 10 years after the baseline year of VF exams, using the first 2 principal components. To make predictions, the model uses up to one year of baseline VF and EHR data as input, but can flexibly make predictions from as few as a single VF test.Results15,764 VF tests belonging to 2,372 patients were included, of which 8.92% of eyes were fast progressors. On the held-out test set, predictions over 10 years of future MD trajectories using baseline VF and EHR clinical data yielded an R2 of 0.646 and an RMSE of 3.67 for fast-progressors, and an R2 of 0.728 and an RMSE of 3.09 for slow-progressors. Performance was higher when predicting over the near term (fast progressors: year 1 R2 0.920, RMSE 1.83; year 5 R2 0.515, RMSE 4.26; slow progressors: year 1 R2 0.918, RMSE 1.771; year 5 R2 0.717, RMSE 3.12).ConclusionA novel modeling approach combining FPCA with clinical data from EHR was able to model longitudinal clinical trajectories of glaucoma patients. This method is well-suited for modeling longitudinal healthcare data, handling sparse and irregular observation schedules with a varying number of inputs.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1636911</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1636911</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Eye-tracking biomarkers for glaucoma based on saccadic reaction time: a controlled clinical study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-10-16T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Clinical Trial</category>
        <author>Alexander Sverstad</author><author>Bjørn André Helland-Hansen</author><author>Olav Kristianslund</author><author>Miriam Kolko</author><author>Stig Einride Larsen</author><author>Goran Petrovski</author>
        <description><![CDATA[PurposeEvaluate the validity and reliability of saccadic reaction time (SRT)-based variables obtained using the novel eye-tracking device Bulbicam (BCAM) in differentiating early-to-moderate glaucoma (GLA) from healthy controls (HCs) and to identify potential biomarkers for GLA.MethodsA controlled clinical study was conducted, involving 18 GLA-patients, and 18 age-matched HCs. Participants underwent BCAM’s visual field (VF) test, which measures SRT at 58 symmetrically arranged locations with 6° spacing. Variables were analysed for group differences, within- and between-patient repeatability, and stability. To evaluate their potential as biomarkers, VF locations were aggregated into clusters, quadrants, hemifields, and whole VF analyses.ResultsSignificant SRT differences (p ≤ 0.05) were observed between GLA and HC in 44 of 58 locations in the worst eye and 42 of 58 in the best eye. Eight out of ten clusters met the criteria for BCAM biomarkers having significant group differences, sufficient within- and between-patient repeatability, and adequate stability. All quadrants demonstrated excellent stability and repeatability thereby qualifying as biomarkers. Hemifield SRTs were reliable, however, the absolute difference between hemifields showed poor within-participant repeatability. The mean and standard deviation of SRT for the whole VF were identified as significant biomarkers with excellent stability.ConclusionsThe majority of SRT variables are capable of differentiate glaucomatous eyes from HC while maintaining sufficient reliability and stability for clinical application. 19 of 22 BCAM VF test variables were found to be potential GLA-biomarkers.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT05449041.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1655669</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1655669</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-10-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Hua Ma</author><author>Mingfang Xia</author><author>Qing Gu</author><author>Lingling Zheng</author><author>Shaoping Ha</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The iridocorneal endothelial syndrome encompasses a spectrum of ocular disorders predominantly affecting one eye in young to middle-aged women, typically without a familial predisposition. The hallmark feature of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome is the migration of corneal endothelial cells towards the iridocorneal angle and onto the iris. This syndrome comprises three distinct clinical variations: progressive essential atrophy of the iris (including corectopia, iris atrophy, or iris hole), Chandler syndrome (characterized by corneal edema with mild to absent changes in the iris), and Cogan-Reese syndrome (manifesting as nodular pigmented lesions on the front surface of the iris). In cases involving corneal manifestations, such as corneal edema or decompensation, options like Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty may be considered for optimal management. For instance, conditions affecting the iris, such as an iris cavity, multiple pupils, or photophobia, may make femtosecond-assisted keratopigmentation a treatment option. In cases of glaucoma secondary to iridocorneal endothelial syndrome, trabeculectomy with mitomycin C and the implantation of a glaucoma drainage device have been shown to reduce intraocular pressure effectively. At the same time, retrocorneal membrane interception-enhanced peripheral iridectomy has demonstrated significant efficacy.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1658649</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1658649</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Case Report: Recurrent intraocular pressure elevation during hemodialysis in a patient with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-09-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Case Report</category>
        <author>Joshua Eli Herman</author><author>Pushpinder Kanda</author><author>Ayub Akbari</author><author>Deeksha Kundapur</author><author>Soumya Podury</author><author>Januvi Jegatheswaran</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionIntraocular pressure (IOP) elevation during dialysis has been observed in patients with glaucoma. This is thought to result from rapid shifts in plasma osmolality, leading to fluid movement into the anterior chamber, a phenomenon referred to as ocular dialysis disequilibrium. This case highlights a patient with advanced pseudoexfoliation glaucoma who developed recurrent, symptomatic IOP spikes during dialysis, posing management challenges.MethodsCase report.ResultsA 65-year-old male with advanced pseudoexfoliation glaucoma experienced recurrent left eye pain and vision loss during hemodialysis, with IOP spikes up to mid 50s (mmHg), requiring early dialysis termination. Medical management including topical drops, oral acetazolamide, and dialysis modifications failed to adequately control IOP. The patient later underwent Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation which stabilized IOP (8–13 mmHg), eliminated dialysis-related pain, and allowed return to standard dialysis sessions. At 6 months, visual acuity was 20/80 + 2 OS with IOP well controlled on topical therapy.ConclusionThis case demonstrates that ocular dialysis disequilibrium can cause symptomatic IOP spikes in glaucoma patients and may be unresponsive to medical therapy alone. Surgical intervention may be necessary for long-term IOP control. Early recognition and interdisciplinary coordination between ophthalmology and nephrology is critical to prevent irreversible vision loss.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1648686</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1648686</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Myopic Strain: a normalized metric concept for assessing axial myopia]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-08-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Qi Ren</author><author>Zhe Chu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Axial myopia is characterized by excessive axial elongation, traditionally quantified by axial length (AL). However, AL conflates the eye’s focal distance (adaptive to refractive power) with defocus distance (excessive axial elongation). In this study, we developed Myopic Strain, defined as the ratio of retinal defocus distance (ΔAL) to the eye’s focal length, yielding a normalized metric for assessing axial myopia. In an analysis of 242 eyes, ΔAL and Myopic Strain were derived from Morgan’s optometric model. Subsequently, the correlation between Myopic Strain and optical and biomechanical markers of myopia was analyzed. Finally, we analyzed the distinctive characteristics exhibited by Myopic Strain and the ratio of AL to corneal curvature radius (AL/CR) as AL increased. Results demonstrated that Myopic Strain showed significant correlations with optical and biomechanical markers of myopia—spherical equivalent refractive error (SER; r = –0.81) and stress-strain index (SSI; r = –0.30) (both p < 0.001). Correspondingly, Myopic Strain provided superior explanatory power for SER (R² = 0.65) and comparable power for SSI (R² = 0.09) (both p < 0.001). Furthermore, our analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between Myopic Strain and AL (r = 0.82, p < 0.001), concomitantly with a moderate positive correlation between AL/CR and AL (r = 0.64, p < 0.001). Notably, the theoretical emmetropization baseline of AL/CR exhibited an inverse relationship with AL. In conclusion, Myopic Strain emerges as a suitable normalized metric for assessing axial myopia severity.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1624015</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1624015</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Glaucoma detection in myopic eyes using deep learning autoencoder-based regions of interest]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-08-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Christopher Bowd</author><author>Akram Belghith</author><author>Mark Christopher</author><author>Makoto Araie</author><author>Aiko Iwase</author><author>Goji Tomita</author><author>Kyoko Ohno-Matsui</author><author>Hitomi Saito</author><author>Hiroshi Murata</author><author>Tsutomu Kikawa</author><author>Kazuhisa Sugiyama</author><author>Tomomi Higashide</author><author>Atsuya Miki</author><author>Toru Nakazawa</author><author>Makoto Aihara</author><author>Tae-Woo Kim</author><author>Christopher Kai Shun Leung</author><author>Robert N. Weinreb</author><author>Linda M. Zangwill</author>
        <description><![CDATA[PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a deep learning autoencoder-based model utilizing regions of interest (ROI) from optical coherence tomography (OCT) texture enface images for detecting glaucoma in myopic eyes.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included a total of 453 eyes from 315 participants from the multi-center "Swept-Source OCT (SS-OCT) Myopia and Glaucoma Study", composed of 268 eyes from 168 healthy individuals and 185 eyes from 147 glaucomatous individuals. All participants underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) imaging, from which texture enface images were constructed and analyzed. The study compared four methods: (1) global RNFL thickness, (2) texture enface image, (3) a single autoencoder model trained only on healthy eyes, and (4) a dual autoencoder model trained on both healthy and glaucomatous eyes. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using the area under the receiver operating curves (AUROC) and precision recall curves (AUPRC).ResultsThe dual autoencoder model achieved the highest AUROC (95% CI) (0.92 [0.88, 0.95]), significantly outperforming the single autoencoder model trained only on healthy eyes (0.86 [0.83, 0.88], p = 0.01), the global RNFL thickness model (0.84 [0.80, 0.86], p = 0.003), and the texture enface model (0.83 [0.79, 0.85], p = 0.005). Using AUPRC (95% CI), the dual autoencoder model (0.86 [0.83, 0.89]) also outperformed the single autoencoder model trained only on healthy eyes (0.80 [0.78, 0.82], p = 0.02), the global RNFL thickness model (0.74 [0.70, 0.76], p = 0.001), and the texture enface model (0.71 [0.68, 0.73], p<0.001). No significant difference was observed between the global RNFL thickness measurement and the texture enface measurement (p = 0.47).DiscussionThe dual autoencoder model, which integrates reconstruction errors from both healthy and glaucomatous training data, demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy compared to the single autoencoder model, global RNFL thickness and texture enface-based approaches. These findings suggest that deep learning models leveraging ROI-based reconstruction error from texture enface images may enhance glaucoma classification in myopic eyes, providing a robust alternative to conventional structural thickness metrics.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1624876</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1624876</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Ultrasound biomicroscopic imaging analysis of lens position and stability in acute and chronic angle-closure glaucoma]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-07-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Zhiying Yu</author><author>Xinyu Wang</author><author>Haitao Wang</author><author>Jing Han</author><author>Jing Fu</author><author>Licun Wang</author><author>Ling Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThis study aimed to compare the characteristics and differences in lens position and stability in patients with acute and chronic angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to provide a basis for selecting treatment regimens for primary ACG (PACG).MethodsThis prospective study included 82 eyes of patients with PACG, of which, 45 eyes with acute PACG (APACG), 37 with chronic PACG (CPACG). Axial length (AL) and lens thickness (LT) were measured using A-scan ultrasonography. Anterior chamber depth (ACD), pupil diameter (PD), and lens vault (LV) were measured using UBM for each group. Additionally, trabecular-iris angle (TIA), angle opening distance (AOD500), iris-lens angle (ILA), and iris-lens contact distance (ILCD) were measured in four quadrants (superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal) with UBM. The corresponding lens position (LP), relative lens position (RLP), and lens thickness/axial length factor (LAF) were calculated. Normally distributed data were compared between the two groups using an independent samples t-test. Data that did not follow a normal distribution were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. Differences were considered statistically significant when P < 0.05, and they were considered highly statistically significant when P < 0.01.ResultsThe values for angle-related parameters, including the mean TIA, TIAmax-min, mean AOD500, AOD500 max-min, and ACD, were significantly lower in the APACG group than in the CPACG group (all P < 0.05). The LP and RLP values of the APACG group were also lower than those of the CPACG group, but only the difference in LP values being statistically significant (P = 0.038). The LT, LV, LAF, mean ILCD, and ILCDmax-min values were higher than those of the CPACG group, with the differences reaching statistical significance (all P < 0.05).ConclusionThe APACG eyes had a thicker and more-anteriorly positioned lens than those with CPACG, which results in a shallower anterior chamber and narrower anterior chamber angle. In the APACG group, the lens exhibited nonuniform laxity of the suspensory ligament across the various quadrants, poor stability, and greater susceptibility for anterior displacement or even deviation.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1573937</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1573937</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Real world outcomes of Kahook Dual Blade goniotomy in black and Afro-Latinx adult patients with glaucoma: a 2-year retrospective study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-06-16T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ayobami Adebayo</author><author>Chester Ng</author><author>Daniel Laroche</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundThe Kahook Dual Blade goniotomy has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of open angle glaucoma. We previously reported 6 months results using the Kahook Dual Blade in Black and Afro-Latino patients.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) goniotomy alone or coupled with phacoemulsification cataract surgery to minimize intraocular pressure, number of medications used and visual field preservation in Black patients or Afro-Latinx who have open-angle glaucoma (OAG).DesignThis was a retrospective, nonrandomized study that was carried out at two private practices in Harlem, NY and Queens, NY.MethodsThis study consisted of patients with OAG who underwent phacoemulsification combined with goniotomy (PE + KDB) or goniotomy alone (KDB). The Kahook dual blade was used to perform goniotomy in all patients. Reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) and alleviating the burden of medications were both considered indications for glaucoma surgery. Our research included information on IOP before and after surgery, the number of medications to decrease IOP pressure, visual field mean deviation, during a follow-up period of two years.ResultsAt two years we identified 31 patients who had surgery. The preoperative IOP of all 31 eyes which had surgery was 16.7 mmHg which decreased to 14.0 mmHg after two years. The baseline number of topical IOP-lowering medications was 2.4 ± 1.4 at baseline which decreased to 1.6 ± 1.4 (P = 0.02) after two years. The average visual field mean deviation was stable in both groups after two years. Postoperative adverse events were mild and included transient hyphema, IOP spikes, posterior capsule opacification, tearing, glare and mild pain.ConclusionIn Black or Afro-Latinx patients with open-angle glaucoma, phacoemulsification coupled with Kahook dual-blade goniotomy considerably reduces IOP and the number of medications.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1629342</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1629342</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Advanced ophthalmic imaging in glaucoma and other optic neuropathies]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-06-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Yukihiro Shiga</author><author>Takashi Nishida</author><author>Jin Wook Jeoung</author><author>Brad Fortune</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1554777</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1554777</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Real-world impact of latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic solution 0.024% in glaucoma therapy: a narrative review]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-03-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>W. Daniel Stamer</author><author>Thomas Chiu</author><author>Da-Wen Lu</author><author>Tsing Hong Wang</author><author>Prin Rojanapongpun</author><author>Ngamkae Ruangvaravate</author><author>Youn Hye Jo</author><author>Marlene R. Moster</author><author>Murray Fingeret</author><author>Nora Lee Cothran</author><author>Jessica Steen</author><author>Ian Benjamin Gaddie</author><author>Ömür Uçakhan-Gündüz</author><author>Wesam Shamseldin Shalaby</author><author>Cindy M. L. Hutnik</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic solution (LBN) 0.024% is a topical nitric oxide (NO)-donating prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) analog first approved in November 2017 for reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) or open-angle glaucoma (OAG). This narrative review describes the unique mechanism of action of LBN and summarizes available real-world data. Upon instillation, LBN is metabolized into latanoprost acid and butanediol mononitrate, which is further reduced to NO and an inactive metabolite. Latanoprost acid increases aqueous humor outflow primarily through the uveoscleral (unconventional) pathway, whereas NO increases outflow through the trabecular (conventional) pathway. Eight studies were identified: 2 studies in newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve patients with OHT or OAG, 4 studies of adjunctive therapy in patients with glaucoma receiving other IOP-lowering therapies, and 2 studies in which patients with glaucoma switched to LBN monotherapy or adjunctive therapy. Decreases in IOP after initiating LBN in newly diagnosed patients or adding/switching to LBN were generally consistent with reductions observed in clinical trials and sustained throughout the studies. Rates of discontinuation due to inadequate IOP lowering ranged from 12.2% to 17.1%. LBN was generally well tolerated in real-world studies; the most common adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of LBN. Data from real-world studies provide important insights regarding the potential effectiveness and tolerability of LBN in the clinical setting and suggest that LBN is well tolerated and associated with significant, clinically meaningful, and durable reductions in IOP.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1521263</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1521263</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Proportion and associated factors of glaucoma among outpatient department at university of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital tertiary eye care and training center, northwest Ethiopia, 2021]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-03-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Banchamelak Zeraye Yekunoamelak</author><author>Fisseha Admassu Ayele</author><author>Zinachew Mulat Bogale</author><author>Endalew Mulugeta Worku</author>
        <description><![CDATA[PurposeThe purpose of this study is to measure the proportion, types of glaucoma, and associated factors among outpatient departments at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Tertiary Eye Care and Training Center, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 934 participants who were selected by a simple random sampling method at entrance of tertiary eye care and training Center from September to November 2021. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data through interviews, and the presence or absence, type, and stage of glaucoma were determined by reviewing the chart. The questionnaire was adapted from a previous study, and the data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive data were analyzed in terms of proportion, frequency, mean, and standard deviation. Binary logistic regression was utilized to identify determinant factors, with significance considered at a p-value less than 0.05.ResultsA total of 934 study participants with an 85.33% response rate took part in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 55.67 SD ± 13.21 years. The proportion of glaucoma was 13.4% [(95% CI: (10.9, 15.8)], with Primary Open Angle glaucoma accounting for 96.3% of the total number of glaucoma cases. The age groups of 56-66 [AOR=3.80(95% CI: 1.99-7.26)], 67-87 [AOR=5.34(95% CI: 2.70-10.45)] and those who completed college or university [(AOR= 5.41(95% CI: 2.12-13.82)] were significantly associated with the presence of glaucoma.ConclusionThis study shows a high proportion of glaucoma compared to other studies, with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma being the most prevalent type. Increasing age and higher education level were significantly linked to the presence of glaucoma. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between education level and glaucoma.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1408897</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1408897</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Retrobulbar/intraconal tube placement in patients with glaucoma: Ahmed FP-7 and tube extender case series with 1 year follow-up]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-02-25T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Daniel Laroche</author><author>Brian Grodecki</author><author>Kara Rickford Grimes</author><author>Chester Ng</author>
        <description><![CDATA[PurposeThe Ahmed FP-7 valve is useful in the management of refractory glaucoma. However, this can often have ocular hypertensive phase and subconjunctival fibrosis that can lead to increased medication use and failure. We report how retrobulbar and intraconal plate placement with tube extension can avoid the ocular hypertensive phase, lower intraocular pressure, and reduce medication burden.Patients and methodsThis is a retrospective case series of 4 patients with glaucoma who underwent Ahmed FP-7 valve and retrobulbar/intraconal tube placement with a one-year follow-up.ResultsOne-year results in 4 patients with advanced glaucoma and pseudophakia revealed a pre-operative intraocular pressure of 21 mmHg on 5.5 medications. At one year, the post-operative intraocular pressure was 10.25 on 0 medications. The vision and visual fields were stable. One patient required drainage of a choroidal effusion and one patient required burping of viscoelastic on post-operative day one.ConclusionsThe combined insertion of the Ahmed FP-7 valve and silicone tube inserted into the retrobulbar/intraconal space has been shown to prevent ocular hypertensive phase, lower intraocular pressure, and reduce medication burden at one year.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1485950</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1485950</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Multi-centre comparison between device-independent web-browser perimetry (Melbourne Rapid Fields-web) and SITA-Faster for glaucoma]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-02-06T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Joyce Tiang</author><author>Algis J. Vingrys</author><author>Sarah Lin</author><author>Selwyn M. Prea</author><author>Adam Ahmed Moktar</author><author>Allan Bank</author><author>Ashish Agar</author><author>Yu Xiang George Kong</author>
        <description><![CDATA[PurposeVisual field testing is important for glaucoma diagnosis and management, but access to standard automated perimetry can be limited in some areas due to cost or access. Melbourne Rapid Fields-web (MRF-web) perimeter is designed to address these limitations by allowing perimetry testing on the flat screen of your personal computer.MethodsThis study is a retrospective, cross-sectional study involving two locations in Australia, one in metropolitan Melbourne and one in rural Dubbo NSW. 232 patients with stable glaucoma, glaucoma suspect or normal eyes were tested with MRF-web and outcomes were compared to the most recent Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) 24-2 SITA Faster test. Outcomes were compared by Deming regressions, Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman methods.ResultsPatient age ranged from 21 to 92 (average 66.3, SD 16.1). Bland-Altman found a bias of -0.50dB for Mean Deviation (MD) between the two tests, with 95% Limits of Agreement (LoA) of -6.80dB to 5.80dB. Pattern Deviation (PD) had a bias of -0.58dB with 95% LoA of -5.60dB to 4.40dB. High concordance was found for MD and PD, with ICCs of 0.87 and 0.73. No significant differences were found in false positive and fixation loss rates. Test time was approximately one minute longer for MRF-web compared to SITA-Faster. Area Under the Curve of MRF and HFA are similar indicating comparable diagnostic capacity.ConclusionMRF-web produces outcomes comparable to HFA SITA-Faster. Its portability and cost-effectiveness suggest suitability as an alternative method for visual field testing where a standard perimeter is not easily accessible.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2024.1497848</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2024.1497848</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Quantifying the spatial patterns of retinal ganglion cell loss and progression in optic neuropathy by applying a deep learning variational autoencoder approach to optical coherence tomography]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-02-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jui-Kai Wang</author><author>Brett A. Johnson</author><author>Zhi Chen</author><author>Honghai Zhang</author><author>David Szanto</author><author>Brian Woods</author><author>Michael Wall</author><author>Young H. Kwon</author><author>Edward F. Linton</author><author>Andrew Pouw</author><author>Mark J. Kupersmith</author><author>Mona K. Garvin</author><author>Randy H. Kardon</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionGlaucoma, optic neuritis (ON), and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) produce distinct patterns of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage. We propose a booster Variational Autoencoder (bVAE) to capture spatial variations in RGC loss and generate latent space (LS) montage maps that visualize different degrees and spatial patterns of optic nerve bundle injury. Furthermore, the bVAE model is capable of tracking the spatial pattern of RGC thinning over time and classifying the underlying cause.MethodsThe bVAE model consists of an encoder, a display decoder, and a booster decoder. The encoder decomposes input ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness maps into two display latent variables (dLVs) and eight booster latent variables (bLVs). The dLVs capture primary spatial patterns of RGC thinning, while the display decoder reconstructs the GCL map and creates the LS montage map. The bLVs add finer spatial details, improving reconstruction accuracy. XGBoost was used to analyze the dLVs and bLVs, estimating normal/abnormal GCL thinning and classifying diseases (glaucoma, ON, and NAION). A total of 10,701 OCT macular scans from 822 subjects were included in this study.ResultsIncorporating bLVs improved reconstruction accuracy, with the image-based root-mean-square error (RMSE) between input and reconstructed GCL thickness maps decreasing from 5.55 ± 2.29 µm (two dLVs only) to 4.02 ± 1.61 µm (two dLVs and eight bLVs). However, the image-based structural similarity index (SSIM) remained similar (0.91 ± 0.04), indicating that just two dLVs effectively capture the main GCL spatial patterns. For classification, the XGBoost model achieved an AUC of 0.98 for identifying abnormal spatial patterns of GCL thinning over time using the dLVs. Disease classification yielded AUCs of 0.95 for glaucoma, 0.84 for ON, and 0.93 for NAION, with bLVs further increasing the AUCs to 0.96 for glaucoma, 0.93 for ON, and 0.99 for NAION.ConclusionThis study presents a novel approach to visualizing and quantifying GCL thinning patterns in optic neuropathies using the bVAE model. The combination of dLVs and bLVs enhances the model’s ability to capture key spatial features and predict disease progression. Future work will focus on integrating additional image modalities to further refine the model’s diagnostic capabilities.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2024.1519088</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2024.1519088</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Insights in glaucoma: 2023]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-01-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Claire L. Peterson</author><author>Tina T. Wong</author><author>Shamira Perera</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2024.1496533</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2024.1496533</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: The diagnoses of glaucoma in the era of artificial intelligence]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-12-18T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Saif Aldeen AlRyalat</author><author>Muawyah Al Bdour</author><author>Hisham M. Jammal</author>
        <description></description>
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