AUTHOR=Ishigami Shoji , Boctor Carol 

TITLE=Epidemiology and risk factors for phantom limb pain

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pain Research

VOLUME=Volume 5 - 2024

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pain-research/articles/10.3389/fpain.2024.1425544

DOI=10.3389/fpain.2024.1425544

ISSN=2673-561X

ABSTRACT=Approximately 356 million limb amputations are performed globally every year. In 2005, the prevalence of limb loss in the United States was 1.6 million people; and it is estimated to increase to 3.6 million by 2050. Many post-amputation patients experience chronically altered sensations and pain associated with the amputation, such as phantom limb pain. The risk factors for phantom limb pain are widely debated in the literature due to the heterogeneity of the population being studied. This review will highlight both the non-operative and operative risk factors for phantom limb pain.