AUTHOR=Huetz Noémie , Launay Elise , Gascoin Géraldine , Leboucher Bertrand , Savagner Christophe , Muller Jean B. , Denizot Sophie , Boscher Cécile , Caillon Jocelyne , Masson Damien , Gras Le Guen Christèle 

TITLE=Potential Impact of Umbilical-Cord-Blood Procalcitonin-Based Algorithm on Antibiotics Exposure in Neonates With Suspected Early-Onset Sepsis

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pediatrics

VOLUME=Volume 8 - 2020

YEAR=2020

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00127

DOI=10.3389/fped.2020.00127

ISSN=2296-2360

ABSTRACT=Context: The incidence of early-onset neonatal infection has greatly decreased, but a new diagnostic approach is needed to avoid over-diagnosis and -treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the potential impact of an algorithm incorporating umbilical-cord-blood procalcitonin (PCT) level on neonatal antibiotics prescription rate as compared with current practice.
Material and methods: We conducted a prospective study in three maternity wards in France. All term and preterm neonates with the usual risk factors for neonatal group B streptococcus infection were eligible for umbilical-cord-blood PCT testing. We compared the proportion of neonates who were exposed early to antibiotics (before 6 days of life) to that of neonates for whom antibiotics prescription would be indicated according to the PCT-based algorithm.
Results: Among the 3080 neonates included, one neonate presented certain infection and 38 neonates probable infection. The global antibiotics prescription rate was 4.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.1-5). With the PCT-based algorithm, the potential decrease in prescription rate would be 1.8% (95% CI 1.3-2.3), corresponding to a 39% (95% CI 37.3-40.7) relative reduction in antibiotics exposure (p<0.05).
Conclusion: These results suggest that the umbilical-cord-blood PCT-based algorithm could significantly help the clinicians in their antibiotic prescription decision in order to decrease neonatal antibiotics exposure as compared with current practice. These results confirm that the umbilical-cord-blood PCT-based algorithm could significantly help decrease neonatal antibiotics exposure as compared with current practice. If validated in a larger interventional randomized study, this approach could help clinicians stratify the risk of early-onset neonatal infection and initiate early antibiotics treatment in newborns at high risk of infection while limiting the deleterious effects of useless prescriptions in non-infected newborns.