AUTHOR=Liang Juanjuan , Du Yuanze , Qu Xiang , Ke Changrong , Yi Guipeng , Liu Mi , Lyu Juncheng , Ren Yanfeng , Xing Jie , Wang Chunping , Liu Shiwei 

TITLE=The Causes of Death and Their Influence in Life Expectancy of Children Aged 5–14 Years in Low- and Middle-Income Countries From 1990 to 2019

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pediatrics

VOLUME=Volume 10 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2022.829201

DOI=10.3389/fped.2022.829201

ISSN=2296-2360

ABSTRACT=ABSTRACT        
Introduction                   
Although child and adolescent health is the core of the global health agenda, the cause-of-death and its expected contribution to life expectancy (LE) among those aged 5-14 are under-researched across countries, especially in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods
Death rates per 10 years age group including 5-14 year-old group were calculated by the formula which used the population, and the number of deaths segmented by the cause-of-death and gender from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. LE and cause-eliminated LE in 10-year intervals were calculated by using life tables.

Results 
In 2019, the global mortality rate for children and adolescents aged 5-14 years was 0.522(0.476-0.575) per 1000, and its LF was 71.377 years. In different income regions, considerable heterogeneity remains in the ranking of cause of death aged 5-14 years. The top three causes of death in low-income countries (LICs) are enteric infections (0.141 [0.098-0.201] per 1000), other infectious diseases (0.103 [0.073-0.148] per 1000) and neglected tropical diseases and malaria (0.102 [0.054-0.172] per 1000). Eliminating these mortality rates can increase the life expectancy of the 5-14 age group by 0.085 years, 0.062 years and 0.061 years respectively. The top three causes of death in upper-middle income countries (Upper MICs) are unintentional injuries (0.066 [0.061-0.072] per 1000), Neoplasm (0.046 [0.041-0.050] per 1000) and transport injuries (0.045 [0.041-0.049] per 1000). Eliminating these mortality rates can increase the life expectancy of the 5-14 age group by 0.045 years, 0.031years and 0.030 years respectively.

Conclusion  
Mortality rate for children and adolescents aged 5-14 years among LMICs remains high. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in the main causes of death among regions. According to the main causes of death at 5-14 years old in different regions and countries at different economic levels, governments should put their priority in tailoring their own strategies to decrease preventable mortality.