AUTHOR=Wang Huawei , Du Yiming , Wu Zhixin , Geng Haifeng , Zhu Xueping , Zhu Xiaoli 

TITLE=Serum Vitamin D Insufficiency in Hospitalized Full-Term Neonates at a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern China

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pediatrics

VOLUME=Volume 10 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2022.878992

DOI=10.3389/fped.2022.878992

ISSN=2296-2360

ABSTRACT=Objective:: This study explored the status of serum vitamin D in hospitalized full-term neonates at a tertiary hospital in eastern China.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among 471 hospitalized full-term neonates at the Children’s Hospital of Soochow University between January 1 and June 20, 2020. Perinatal clinical data, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D3), laboratory examinations, serum calcium levels, and immune function were obtained and analyzed. We explored and analyzed the risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency,and attempted to determine correlations between vitamin D and its influence on immunity. 
Results: The mean serum 25(OH)D3 was 33.65±6.07ng/mL. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was 28.24%，vitamin D sufficiency was 71.76%,there was no vitamin D deficiency. The serum 25-(OH)D3 in singleton neonate were higher than twins or multiple infants (t=-10.918, P=0.000). The serum 25-(OH)D3 were higher in neonates who born in spring and summer than winter (H=13.443, P=0.001). The serum 25-(OH)D3 in AGA and LGA neonates were higher than SGA (H=7.686, P=0.021). The serum 25-(OH)D3 were higher  in neonates whose mothers had no underlying diseases than those with certain immunological and infectious diseases (F=12.417, P=0.000).The serum 25-(OH)D3 in neonates whose mothers had none or one perinatal complication were higher than those with two or more (F=13.299, P=0.000). The neonates with eosinophils ≤ 5% or normal platelet counts or serum Ca++ ≥0.9 mmol/L have higher serum 25-(OH)D3. Neonates born in winter were at risk for vitamin D insufficiency, and the incidence of infectious pneumonia, sepsis, cytomegalovirus infection, and hypocalcemia in the vitamin D insufficiency group were higher than sufficiency group (P<0.05). The serum CD3+, CD3+CD4+, and IgA levels in the vitamin D sufficiency group were significantly higher than those in the insufficiency group (P<0.05). 
Conclusion The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was 28.24%, and birth in winter was a risk factor for vitamin D insufficiency in hospitalized full-term neonates in Suzhou area. Neonates with infectious pneumonia, sepsis, cytomegalovirus infection, and hypocalcemia exhibited a high risk of vitamin D insufficiency. The serum CD3+, CD3+CD4+, and IgA levels in neonates with vitamin D insufficiency were lower.