AUTHOR=Meng Qingwen , Liu Huajiang , Liu Jinteng , Pang Yangyang , Liu Qibing 

TITLE=Advances in immunotherapy modalities for atherosclerosis

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pharmacology

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2022

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.1079185

DOI=10.3389/fphar.2022.1079185

ISSN=1663-9812

ABSTRACT=Cardiovascular disease(CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial intima caused by an immune response of the body's immune system to endogenous or exogenous antigens, in which both innate immunity and specific immunity play an indispensable role. Recent studies have shown that inducing protective immune responses by certain autoantigens or exogenous antigens can alleviate AS. Some clinical trials have also demonstrated that AS is associated with the presence of immune cells and immune factors in the body. Therefore, immunotherapy is expected to be a new preventive and curative measure for AS. In this review article, we provide a summary overview of  recent progress in the research of immune mechanisms of AS and targeted therapeutic pathways.