AUTHOR=Wu Jingying , Wu Jianru , Tang Biyu , Wang Xinru , Wei Fenfang , Zhang Yi , Li Limin , Li Hongqiao , Wang Bei , Wu Wenyu , Hong Xiang 

TITLE=Suspected adverse drug reactions of rivaroxaban reported in the United States food and drug administration adverse event reporting system database: a pharmacovigilance study

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pharmacology

VOLUME=Volume 15 - 2024

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1399172

DOI=10.3389/fphar.2024.1399172

ISSN=1663-9812

ABSTRACT=Purpose This study aimed to characterize the safety profiles of rivaroxaban-associated suspected adverse events by mining the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). 
Methods A disproportionality analysis of spontaneously reported suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was conducted. The reports in FAERS from 2014 to 2024 were compiled. Frequentist and Bayesian statistics were both applied to calculate drug-AE combinations in system organ classes and preferred-term levels. Reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) methods were analyzed and used to compare the suspected AEs. 
Results Of 77,384 ADR reports, 66705 (86.20%) were serious rivaroxaban AE reports. The most common age group was above 65 years. The suspected adverse effects of rivaroxaban emerging for SOC primarily included “Gastrointestinal disorders”; “Injury, poisoning, and procedural complications”, “Nervous system disorders” and “Vascular disorders”. Ranked by EBGM, the top signal strength of suspected AE signals of rivaroxaban under ROR algorithm at the PT level were “Haemorrhagic arteriovenous malformation” (N = 571, ROR = 756.520, PRR = 754.029, IC = 7.197, EBGM)= 146.725), and “Gastrointestinal vascular malformation haemorrhagic” (N =197, ROR = 211.138, PRR = 210.950, IC = 6.614, EBGM = 97.923). Moreover, uncommon but significantly suspected AE signals, such as “Coagulation factor X level increased”, “Basal ganglia haematoma”, and “Proctitis haemorrhagic” were observed. Notably, “Gastrointestinal haemorrhage” , “Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage” and “Internal haemorrhage” exhibited relatively high occurrence rates and signal strengths. From 2014 to 2024, the IC values of rivaroxaban-associated suspected AEs for “Surgical and medical procedures” and “Cardiac disorders” showed an annual increasing trend in the time-span analysis. The exciting finding was that the MGPS algorithm revealed a higher risk of suspected AEs under the “Investigations” category.  Moreover, the results of signal mining for the three main types of indication populations with adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including Atrial fibrillation, Cerebrovascular accident prophylaxis, and Deep vein thrombosis were shown that “Gastrointestinal haemorrhage”, “Epistaxis”, “Haematuria”, “Rectal haemorrhage”, and “Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage” were detected as the most common and significant signals of suspected adverse events.