AUTHOR=De Bellis Michela , d’Orsi Giuseppe , Rubino Egidio Maria , Arigliano Claudia , Carella Massimo , Sciruicchio Vittorio , Liantonio Antonella , De Luca Annamaria , Imbrici Paola 

TITLE=Adverse effects of antiseizure medications: a review of the impact of pharmacogenetics and drugs interactions in clinical practice

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pharmacology

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1584566

DOI=10.3389/fphar.2025.1584566

ISSN=1663-9812

ABSTRACT=Epilepsy is a chronic and debilitating neurological disorder characterized by the occurrence of spontaneous and recurrent seizures. Despite the availability of several antiseizure medications (ASMs), people with epilepsy often experience drug resistance and adverse effects. This narrative review provides an overview of the main adverse drug reactions (ADR) caused by ASMs, including neurological, metabolic, skin reactions and drug failure, and of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Given the critical contribution of pharmacogenomics and drug-drug interactions to the occurrence of some ADRs, we provide examples of the role of major allelic variations identified in genes encoding for molecules involved in the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and immune system and emphasize the activity of ASMs as inhibitors or inducers of metabolic enzymes. Improved knowledge of the benefit-risk profile of drugs, also through enhanced pharmacovigilance activity and following guidelines recommendations, could implement patients care avoiding ADRs and favoring a beneficial personalized medicine particularly in vulnerable patients as children, elderly people and pregnant women.