AUTHOR=Liu Yang , Dong Yanmei , Wang Xin , Huang Yeqin , Wu Fan , Xia Fei , Bai Hongtong , Li Hui , Shi Lei , Wang Baoguo TITLE=Effects of lavender essential oil inhalation aromatherapy on postoperative sleep quality in patients with intracranial tumors: a randomized controlled trial JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pharmacology VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025 YEAR=2025 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1584998 DOI=10.3389/fphar.2025.1584998 ISSN=1663-9812 ABSTRACT=PurposeTo investigate the effects of lavender essential oil (LEO) on postoperative sleep quality and perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) in patients with intracranial tumors.Patients and methodsThis study was a randomized controlled trial in which all patients were randomly assigned to either the control group, which received no intervention, or the experimental group, which received LEO. Postoperative sleep quality was assessed using a dedicated sleep monitor. The PNDs were evaluated by the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), using education-adjusted cutoffs recommended by the latest Chinese Dementia Guidelines (2023).ResultsCompared with the control group, the total sleep duration and the deep sleep duration were significantly longer in the experimental group only on the fourth postoperative day (418.48 ± 21.95 vs. 389.57 ± 49.29, P = 0.019; 95.10 ± 19.98 vs. 66.86 ± 32.69, P = 0.002). The experimental group exhibited significantly shorter sleep latency compared with the control group (13.24 ± 8.46 vs. 28.62 ± 19.86; p = 0.002). Additionally, the apnea-hypopnea index and frequency of awakenings were lower in the experimental group (14.05 ± 9.85 vs. 21.00 ± 10.78; p = 0.035; 2.67 ± 1.32 vs. 5.05 ± 2.97; p = 0.002). The duration of postoperative delirium was shorter in the experimental group compared with the control group (2.00 ± 0.82 vs. 3.80 ± 1.30; p = 0.048). On the seventh postoperative day, participants in the experimental group had lower anxiety scores than those in the control group (3.38 ± 2.27 vs. 6.14 ± 5.43; p = 0.038).ConclusionLEO inhalation aromatherapy could effectively improve postoperative sleep quality, particularly on the fourth postoperative day. It also positively impacted anxiety and reduced the duration of postoperative delirium.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://www.chictr.org.cn/index.html, identifier ChiCTR2300073091.