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        <title>Frontiers in Physics | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physics</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Physics | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-06-02T23:56:21.679+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1824578</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1824578</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Design and implementation of machine learning-based anomaly detection in the ITER Tokamak Systems Monitor]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-06-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Technology and Code</category>
        <author>Joris Paret</author><author>Brian Sammuli</author><author>Víctor Costa Pérez</author><author>Nathaniel Saura</author><author>Laura Hernández Cubo</author><author>Daniel Iglesias</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The Tokamak Systems Monitor (TSM) is a software suite under development at ITER that provides operators with an integrated view of the tokamak’s engineering health based on operational instrumentation. A key functionality of TSM is anomaly detection, aimed at identifying unexpected behaviors across a wide range of systems. To this end, a dedicated anomaly detection module is being developed to integrate multiple machine learning-based algorithms, ranging from intershot classification of complete pulses to online detection of localized events. The current status of this module and its roadmap for future development are illustrated with two implemented examples: an intershot algorithm that uses dimensionality reduction and clustering to classify gyrotron pulses, and a time-localized approach based on an invertible neural network to monitor magnet power supplies. Automated warnings generated by the module will support operators in evaluating anomalies, thereby enhancing the reliability of ITER operations.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1810309</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1810309</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Design of a compact RFQ with low longitudinal emittance for the SESRI project]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Zhongshan Li</author><author>Xuejun Yin</author><author>Jiancheng Yang</author><author>Fu Ma</author><author>Guangxian Li</author><author>Liangzhou Yao</author><author>Shuang Ruan</author><author>Guodong Shen</author><author>Guoxin Chen</author><author>Nan Yuan</author><author>Mengxue Li</author><author>Yaqing Yang</author><author>Peng Yang</author><author>Mengxin Xu</author><author>Xiaoni Li</author><author>Youjin Yuan</author><author>Jiawen Xia</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The Space Environment Simulation and Research Infrastructure (SESRI) was proposed in China to support space science research in material physics, biophysics, and interdisciplinary studies. A compact radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator with low longitudinal emittance has been designed and constructed as one of the key components of the SESRI. This RFQ, operating at 108.48 MHz, accelerates heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratios of 2 ∼ 6.53 from 4 keV/u to 300 keV/u. Two innovative beam dynamics strategies, including the adiabatic capture design and the equal separatrix-area technique, were employed to effectively tackle critical challenges in longitudinal emittance control and cavity length reduction. The adiabatic capture design ensures that the rate of change of the separatrix area is significantly smaller than the synchrotron angular frequency, ωs, thereby mitigating emittance dilution and reducing the output longitudinal emittance. The equal separatrix-area technique maintains a constant normalized separatrix area, minimizing the length of the buncher section. Furthermore, the transverse acceptance at the intersection between the buncher section and the accelerator section was optimized to ensure high transmission efficiency during practical operation. The results of error analysis indicate that this design provides enough margin for actual operation.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1766941</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1766941</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A fiber bundle model for compressive failures of compacted Antarctic snow]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Enzhao Xiao</author><author>Shengquan Li</author><author>Hao Wang</author><author>Biao Hu</author><author>Xueyuan Tang</author><author>Bo Sun</author><author>Fan Zhang</author><author>Yihe Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Compressive failures of snow pose significant challenges in snow engineering, particularly for snow roads and runways. Analyzing their microstructural evolution under compression is critical for predicting failure mechanisms and improving design reliability. By simplifying the variations in snow microstructural characteristics, the fiber bundle model (FBM) ensures computational efficiency while accounting for the effects of microstructure evolution, thus providing insights into the macroscopic failure behavior of snow. FBM has been successfully applied to simulate shear failure in snow. However, its application to snow compressive failure has rarely been studied. In this paper, FBM was enhanced by incorporating the following features: (a) an increase in the fiber number corresponding to the lateral expansion of the snow sample; (b) an increase in fiber properties as snow densification during compression; (c) a load-dependent probability of fractured fiber sintering to represent the pressure sintering effect; and (d) a damage coefficient that gradually accumulated with increasing strain to account for the micro-crack effect in the ice matrix. By incorporating these physical mechanism-based features, the model replicated the loading rate-dependent characteristics observed in uniaxial compressive experiments of compacted Antarctic snow and showed great potential for understanding and modeling microstructural changes and macroscopic load responses associated with snow compressive failures.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1848971</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1848971</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Information spreading in mixed groups in aircraft cabins with face-to-face interaction]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yu Bai</author><author>Xiangying Gao</author><author>Pengfei Chen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The spread of information through face-to-face contacts among distinct passenger groups in the confined, dynamic environment of commercial aircraft cabins is critical for service quality, yet our understanding remains largely empirical and qualitative, leaving the quantitative roles of heterogeneous interaction patterns mechanistically unresolved. To address this gap, we adopt the classical SIR epidemic model to describe information spreading within mixed passenger groups, and using representative flight scenarios, we construct a dynamic network model grounded in a discrete-time Markov chain, which allows us to explicitly separate movement patterns from information propagation patterns. Through simulations, we examine how transmission intensity, interaction probability, and the parameters of the power-law contact distributions affect the ultimate information coverage and spreading speed. Results reveal that both individual-level contact heterogeneity and cross-group transmission intensity jointly determine the final coverage and spreading speed, with transmission intensity between different passenger groups exerting a particularly pronounced influence on the overall spread. Conversely, elevated transmission probabilities within the cabin crew exhibit a moderating effect on the progression of information spreading. These findings underscore the critical role of group-level transmission dynamics and offer quantitative insights for designing more effective communication strategies in aviation services.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1832129</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1832129</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of space weather on the electric power network and mining operations in Alberta, Canada during the October 10–11, 2024 geomagnetic storm]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Darcy Cordell</author><author>Hannah Parry</author><author>Ryan MacMullin</author><author>Sherry Gao</author><author>Mahendra AC</author><author>Martin Connors</author><author>Sunil Desai</author><author>Ron Holland</author><author>Ian R. Mann</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) due to space weather can impact electric power networks via transformer saturation, reactive power consumption, and increased total harmonic distortion. In the worst case, these can lead to widespread outages and damage to transformers. Investigating large geomagnetic storm events allows the power industry to better understand and mitigate the associated risks. Here we focus on the impacts in Alberta, Canada during the October 10–12, 2024 geomagnetic storm by modelling GICs in the ≥240 kV power network validated with transformer neutral-to-ground (TNG) GIC measurements. Despite the October 2024 storm being smaller than the May 2024 storm according to global storm disturbance indices, measured GIC exceeded 25 A/phase at three transformers in central Alberta and modelling suggests that the TNG GIC at some transformers in northeastern Alberta exceeded 30 A/phase, similar to the magnitude of the GICs seen during the May 2024 storm. For the October 2024 event, the cause of the largest geoelectric fields and largest GICs is spatially and temporally variable. Large events in northeastern Alberta were linked to the sudden storm commencement, with some large dusk-side events in southern Alberta being linked to a low-latitude substorm. The most spatially-extensive large geoelectric field event was associated with a large nightside substorm which developed over Alberta. In addition to GICs flowing at high voltage levels, the October 2024 storm also resulted in adverse technological impacts in northeastern Alberta at lower voltage levels. These included 34.5 kV capacitor banks and large 13.8 kV mine shovels tripping offline at industrial mining operations. The capacitor bank trips were likely due to increased total harmonic distortion due to transformer saturation from GIC at higher voltage levels, while the mine shovel trips may have been due to a unique failure mode related to induced current on long (∼10 km) low-current 30 V DC ground check circuits. To our knowledge, this is the first time that direct space weather impacts on mining operations have been reported in the literature.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1793691</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1793691</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Fractional dynamics of nonlinear fifth-order Korteweg–de Vries equations under the Caputo derivative]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>N. S. Alharthi</author><author>Ramy M. Hafez</author><author>Fatemah Mofarreh</author><author>Adnan Khan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The fifth-order Korteweg–de Vries problem is solved using two well-known analytical techniques. A generalized version of the classical Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation regulating weakly nonlinear waves in a dispersive medium is known as the fifth-order KdV equation. We examine two cases of the time-fractional fifth-order KdV equations to illustrate the efficacy and the reliability of the suggested methodologies. The Yang transform decomposition method (YTDM) and the Yang transform iterative method (YTIM) are two sophisticated Yang-based techniques that efficiently capture the nonlinear dynamics and memory effects of the system without the need for linearization or perturbation. We suggest implementing the Yang transform with the new iterative approach and the Adomian decomposition method. To further demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested strategies, illustrative examples are provided. The solution using the proposed approaches has strong convergence toward the exact solution. Excellent agreement with exact results confirmed the accuracy of the method used. Additionally, we observed full recovery of classical solutions as fractional orders approached integer values and consistent convergence as more terms were added. The significant advantage of the suggested approaches is that they require fewer calculations. We provide several graphical illustrations of the exact and investigative results, which are in outstanding agreement with one another, to illustrate the validity of the proposed methodologies. Furthermore, we established appropriate numerical simulations to verify the proposed scheme’s precision and trustworthiness. The results gained demonstrate that the proposed approaches are highly satisfying and address the complicated nonlinear issues that appear in scientific innovation, particularly in areas such as data analysis and model optimization.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1822647</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1822647</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A comprehensive review of quantum technologies for medical imaging]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Xiaokun Zhao</author><author>Ping Tie</author><author>Zuyue Chen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Medical imaging, a cornerstone of modern diagnostics that underpins early disease detection and personalized therapy, continues to confront fundamental physical limitations inherent to conventional modalities, including suboptimal sensitivity and specificity, limited resolution, and ionizing radiation risks. Quantum imaging, leveraging principles such as entanglement, superposition, and quantum sensing, has emerged as a transformative paradigm with the potential to transcend these limitations. This review systematically summarizes the physical principles, technological advancements, and major clinical applications of quantum technologies in medical imaging. We elaborate on several cutting-edge modalities, including quantum dot probes for targeted imaging and surgical navigation, wearable magnetoencephalography facilitated by optically pumped magnetometers, quantum-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with nanoscale resolution, quantum optical coherence tomography with dispersion cancellation, photon-counting computed tomography for superior spectral imaging, and nuclear medicine imaging that can visualize the molecular microenvironment. Additionally, the roles of quantum computing and quantum artificial intelligence in accelerating and optimizing the image analysis workflow are also discussed. Furthermore, we analyze the technical bottlenecks and translational barriers that currently hinder the widespread clinical implementation of these emerging technologies. Finally, we outline promising future research directions to accelerate clinical translation, underscoring the transformative potential of quantum medical imaging to advance precision diagnostics and personalized medicine.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1824530</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1824530</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Exactly explicit solutions of (2+1)-dimensional conformable fractional diffusive Predator–Prey model via neural networks method]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Zhao Li</author><author>Minglang Wu</author><author>Ejaz Hussain</author><author>Yakup Yildirim</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In this paper, a solver is developed to obtain accurate analytical solutions for fractional partial differential equations based on artificial neural networks. By leveraging the powerful function approximation capability of neural networks in combination with the trial function method, a general analytical solution approach for fractional partial differential equations is proposed. The method is applied to a (2 + 1)-dimensional conformable fractional diffusive predator–prey system, and a series of exact analytical solutions are successfully derived. With the aid of Python mathematical software, three-dimensional surface plots, two-dimensional curve plots, gradient field plots, and contour plots in polar coordinates for selected solutions are generated to visually illustrate the morphological characteristics of the solutions. These implementations collectively verify the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1847362</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1847362</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Intrinsic quantum anomalous Hall effect in two-dimensional Zr2O6]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Yang Li</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Spin-gapless semiconductors (SGSs) have become an important topic in spintronics because they combine zero-gap electronic features with complete spin polarization, offering opportunities for low-dissipation transport and high-efficiency spin manipulation. This makes them natural candidates for hosting topological states such as the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) phase. In this work, we show that honeycomb monolayer Zr2O6 belongs to a ferromagnetic QAH insulator. Without spin–orbit coupling, Zr2O6 shows linear band crossings (BCs) near the Fermi level (EF) only in the spin-down sector, whereas the spin-up sector remains gapped, giving rise to SGS nature. SOC then opens a gap for the bands of spin-up sector, and drives the system into a insulating state with C = −1, making Zr2O6 a good candidate for investigating the QAH physics.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1789064</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1789064</link>
        <title><![CDATA[On Pauli matrices and the implied spacetime geometry]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-25T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Gregory L. Light</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The commutator identity, 12σz,σx≡iσy, is shown to be equivalent to P≡momentum,X≡position=iℏI over the eigenspace of σy spanned by 1i, where 1≡1,0,0≡eX∈R3, i≡0,1∈C1≡Ry,z2, and 1,i≡eX⊕ez so that the particle travels along eX with its associated wave spinning on Ry,z2, accounting for the wave-particle duality; here, 12σz=momentum P leads to the half-spin, baryon asymmetry, and the origin of the rest mass and electric charge. The overall logic structure can be founded upon the relativistic energy equation, of which the complex conjugates lead to a pair of {matter, antimatter} with opposite linear momenta in a Euclidean 3-space, as manifested in ±σz, which is true if and only if σz represents a momentum operator, but momentum operator has its complement, the position operator, via the Fourier–Plancherel operator F, which in the present context takes the form of three 2-by-2 unitary matrices transforming among the three frames as associated with the three Pauli matrices: momentum σz, position σx, and a covering map σy:R→S1, thereby connecting classical and quantum physics. In short, Dirac’s spinor algebra initiated an incomplete cosmology.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1841872</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1841872</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Optimization of gas turbine fault identification based on time-frequency analysis of acoustic and vibration signals and transformer]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-25T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Xinsheng Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionGas turbines are core equipment in industrial development, and their safe operation is of paramount importance. Fault identification in gas turbines can prevent significant economic losses and safety accidents; however, traditional approaches are time-consuming and inefficient. MethodsTherefore, this research introduces an optimized fault identification method based on time-frequency analysis of acoustic and vibration signals and a two-branch Transformer model. First, variational mode decomposition is performed on the acquired signals. Key intrinsic mode function components are selected based on correlation coefficients to reconstruct the signal, and their time-frequency domain features are extracted. Second, an autoencoder is used to reduce the dimensionality of high-dimensional features to retain key fault information. Finally, a two-branch Transformer model is constructed from the time step dimension and channel feature dimension to achieve accurate classification of fault states. Among them, the time step branch captures the temporal dependencies between vibration and acoustic signals through a masked multi head attention mechanism, which is consistent with the continuity of the fault evolution process. Channel branches utilize global attention to fuse the correlation features between multiple sensors, reflecting the collaborative changes of different measurement points in fault states. ResultsTests on three states show that, through variational mode decomposition and feature reduction to extract essential signal features, the introduced model obtains an overall classification accuracy of 92.5%. In cross-load condition tests, the constructed model achieves an average identification accuracy of 94.7%, with a maximum of 98.2%. Compared to the standard Transformer, the constructed model obtains a 5.9% improvement in identification accuracy under strong disturbance conditions with an 11.6% reduction in parameters. DiscussionThis method demonstrates higher identification accuracy and stronger stability, further contributing to the reliability of gas turbine fault identification. This provides a reliable technical solution for the accurate fault identification and health management of gas turbines and other mechanical equipment.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1828759</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1828759</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Structured beam generation and optical trapping of low-index particles using a semi-nonlinear Michelson interferometer]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-21T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Mai Nguyet Cong</author><author>Bui Xuan Kien</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In this work, we propose a semi-nonlinear Michelson interferometer (SNMI) for controllable laser beam shaping and optical manipulation. By placing a Kerr-type nonlinear medium into one arm of the interferometer, the phase difference between the two arms becomes intensity-dependent, enabling dynamic control of the spatial profile of the output beam through the input laser power. Numerical simulations show that a conventional Gaussian beam can be transformed into a variety of structured beams, including flat-top, ring, bottle, and hollow Gaussian beams, under appropriate operating conditions. The generated hollow beam is proposed to trap “low-index” nanoparticles, whose refractive index is lower than that of the surrounding medium. The transverse optical gradient force acting on dielectric nanoparticles is analyzed under the Rayleigh scattering regime. The results indicate that the generated hollow-type beams can produce stable trapping regions for low-index nanoparticles, which are typically difficult to trap with standard Gaussian beams. The proposed SNMI provides a simple, tunable, and flexible platform for structured beam generation, with potential applications in trapping nanoparticles, as numerically observed and discussed.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1807760</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1807760</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Forced variable-coefficient Kawahara equations: closed-form traveling waves via tanh–coth and elliptic ansätze]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-21T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>César A. Gómez S.</author><author>Álvaro H. Salas S.</author><author>Simeón Casanova Trujillo</author>
        <description><![CDATA[We investigated a forced variable-coefficient Kawahara equation as a non-autonomous extension of a classical fifth-order dispersive model arising in nonlinear wave propagation. Such equations are relevant in physical situations where the effective nonlinearity, dispersive balance, and external input vary with time, thereby generating wave dynamics that are not captured by the standard autonomous Kawahara equation. The main objective of this work was to derive explicit traveling-wave solutions and to clarify how temporal modulation and forcing affect the amplitude, baseline, phase, and propagation of the resulting wave structures. By introducing a traveling-wave variable with time-dependent phase together with a forcing primitive, the governing equation was reduced to ordinary differential equations amenable to exact symbolic analysis. Two complementary exact-solution procedures were then developed. First, an improved tanh–coth method based on a Riccati auxiliary equation was used to construct localized real-valued traveling-wave families. Second, an elliptic ansatz in terms of the Weierstrass ℘-function was employed to generate periodic solutions together with their solitary-wave degenerations. The obtained formulas yield explicit exact solutions and recover classical constant-coefficient Kawahara profiles as limiting cases. In addition, representative examples were examined using analytical formulas, numerical tables, and graphical diagnostics to illustrate the qualitative distinction between oscillatory forcing, decaying forcing, and the autonomous unforced regime. The results provide analytical benchmarks for forced dispersive models with time-dependent coefficients and establish a unified exact-solution framework for a broad class of non-autonomous Kawahara-type equations.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1789216</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1789216</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Performance benchmarking of AAA, AXB, and CCC approaches against Monte Carlo standards in Halcyon-based radiotherapy]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-15T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yutong Zhao</author><author>Jingjing Zhao</author><author>Xingming Ma</author><author>Zejun Jiang</author><author>Weipeng Sun</author><author>Zheqing Zhang</author><author>Yong Yin</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundAccurate dose calculation is essential for radiotherapy. The present study benchmarks the performances of the anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA), Acuros XB (AXB), and collapsed cone convolution (CCC) methods against the Monte Carlo (MC) standard for the Halcyon platform across diverse anatomical sites.MethodsSixty-five clinical Halcyon plans were anonymized and recalculated using the AAA, AXB, CCC, and MC approaches; the corresponding algorithmic performances were evaluated using gamma passing rates (GPRs) of 2% per 2 mm and dose–volume histograms (DVHs) with the MC standard as the reference.ResultsAXB achieved the highest GPRs across most tumor sites; however, for the lung cancer plans, the performance of CCC was comparable to that of AXB and superior to that of AAA. All algorithms exhibited systematic dose deviations by underestimating and overestimating doses in the lung tissues and planning target volumes (PTVs). The gamma failures increased in the high-Hounsfield-unit and high-dose regions.ConclusionAlthough AXB is generally found to be the most accurate algorithm, AAA is also recommended owing to its faster calculations while maintaining acceptable accuracy. However, CCC is more strongly recommended than AAA for lung cases owing to its superior performance. Thus, the present study highlights the necessity for secondary MC verifications and the application of compensatory strategies to effectively address the inherent inaccuracies of deterministic algorithms.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1811840</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1811840</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Strain wave structure of electron and positron]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Gurcharn S. Sandhu</author><author>Ishaan S. Dhindsa</author>
        <description><![CDATA[By treating physical space as an elastic continuum, we show that elementary particles and their fields can be represented by stress–strain wave packets in the elastic space continuum. Dynamic equilibrium equations of elasticity reduce to vector wave equations involving displacement vectors in this continuum. We derive the equivalence between displacement vector U and the magnetic vector potential A to show that electromagnetic fields are manifestations of stress–strain fields in this continuum. The structure of the electron is modeled on a spherically symmetrical strain wave solution of the vector wave equilibrium equation. The solution consists of a central standing strain wave core approximately 2 fm in radius, surrounded by a radially decaying field of phase waves propagating outward for the positron and inwards for the electron. Approximately 37.3% of the energy of the electron is contained in its wave field and the remaining in the central standing wave core. We also derive the Coulomb interaction between two electrons and verify Coulomb’s law of electrostatics. The intrinsic electrostatic field, intrinsic spin, and magnetic field effects of the electron are derived from its strain wave structure. We also verify the Biot–Savart law for motion-induced magnetic fields and indicate the origin of De Broglie matter waves.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1815424</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1815424</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Assessment of rare earth element fractionation in NIF implosions with radiochemically doped capsules]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Daniel Pitman-Weymouth</author><author>John D. Despotopulos</author><author>Kelly N. Kmak</author><author>Justin Jeet</author><author>Keenan Thomas</author><author>Dawn A. Shaughnessy</author><author>James Benstead</author><author>Charles B. Yeamans</author><author>Tom Braun</author><author>William M. Kerlin</author><author>Rhyan Reynolds</author><author>Brian Sammis</author><author>Elvin Monzon</author><author>Todd Wooddy</author>
        <description><![CDATA[An ongoing experimental campaign at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) aims to measure neutron induced nuclear reaction cross–sections using radiochemically doped target capsules. Critical to this campaign is the ability to collect a representative sample of the reaction products using Solid Radiochemical Collectors (SRCs) fielded around the NIF chamber. The shot presented in this paper used a doped target capsule with a neopentane gas fill was to investigate the ratio of isotopes collected at three chamber angles. It was found that SRC samples of rare earth elements collected from NIF are representative of the ingoing dopant mix, thereby concluding that fractionation does not occur during a NIF implosion. This validates the doped capsule method for use in measuring neutron induced reaction cross-sections.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1784051</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1784051</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Thermal analysis of mass concrete structures with cooling pipes by an adaptive moving Kriging method]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Feng Zhang</author><author>Qingwen Li</author><author>FuXian Zhu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Numerical simulation of the temperature field in massive concrete with embedded cooling water pipes is of great engineering significance for temperature control, crack prevention, and optimization of cooling strategies. To obtain an accurate temperature field, conventional finite element approaches often require local mesh refinement in regions with steep thermal gradients near the pipe wall, which makes model construction cumbersome. To overcome the dependence on mesh generation, this study couples a local weak-form Moving Kriging (MK) interpolation method with a moving mesh partial differential equation (MMPDE) approach for the thermal analysis of pipe cooled concrete. By exploiting the smoothness and differentiability of the Gaussian basis function, the proposed MK approximation is able to represent the continuous temperature field with sharp gradients in the vicinity of cooling pipes. Meanwhile, the MMPDE method constructs a metric tensor from the Hessian of the temperature field, thereby automatically driving nodes to concentrate in regions where the numerical solution varies rapidly. As a result, strong-gradient-induced numerical oscillations and excessive errors can be effectively suppressed without a significant increase in the degrees of freedom. Numerical results demonstrate that, compared with conventional fixed node distributions, the proposed algorithm achieves higher accuracy and improved stability.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1778872</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1778872</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Exploring the migration of magic numbers in neutron-rich systems via knockout reactions]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Hongna Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Magic numbers are the backbone of the nuclear structure, serving as the basis for shell-model truncations, leading to the prediction of the island of stability, and linking to peaks in the solar-system abundance curve. Canonical nuclear magic numbers include 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126. It is now well established that these magic numbers are not universal over the nuclear landscape. This paper presents a brief review of recent highlights on the migration of magic numbers in neutron-rich nuclei, with particular emphasis on results obtained from knockout reactions. We focus on two key regions: 1) the loss of magicity at N = 20 and 28, and 2) the emergence of new magic numbers at N = 32, 34. Prospects for future measurements in these regions, enabled by new detection systems at upgraded and new facilities, are also discussed.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1779391</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1779391</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Looped spacetime cosmology: a closed-time framework for quantum gravity and cosmology]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Hypothesis and Theory</category>
        <author>Richard T. Logue</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Looped Spacetime Cosmology (LSC) explores whether black hole interiors and the cosmological origin may be linked by a single global spacetime structure. The framework posits a compact S3×S1 topology in which astrophysical black hole trapped regions are globally identified with a common Big Bang hypersurface so that classical terminal curvature endpoints are replaced (at the level of induced data) by a compact global completion. As a minimal realization of nonterminal high-curvature behavior, we employ effective dynamics inspired by loop quantum cosmology (LQC), without assuming a specific ultraviolet completion. The resulting consequences are conditional: if the identification is dynamically admissible, then (i) classical singularities may be avoided in an effective description via bounded-density transitions; (ii) information carried by infalling degrees of freedom need not terminate at a singular boundary but can be globally accounted for on the identified hypersurface, contingent on an isometric mapping across the transition region; (iii) fine-grained entropy can remain globally conserved, while coarse-grained observers still experience an emergent arrow of time; and (iv) compact topology provides a setting in which infrared-regulated vacuum contributions can be consistent with a small late-time cosmological constant in representative models. LSC is formulated as a falsifiable hypothesis rather than a completed theory. Its empirical program is organized as hierarchical tests: Tier I gates probe sign-fixed curvature/topology consistency and can falsify the framework outright; Tier II tests constrain dark-sector realizations without negating the global identification if Tier I survives; and Tier III probes transition-region microphysics (e.g., model-dependent compact-object phenomenology) and is logically downstream. Near-term scrutiny is provided by spatial curvature and topology constraints, population-level compact-object spin statistics, and cross-channel consistency checks using cosmic microwave background (CMB) and large-scale structure data.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1824500</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1824500</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Research on early warning of global supply chain risks for China’s nickel ore imports: an interpretable deep learning approach]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Weiming Gao</author><author>Yalin Lei</author><author>Li Li</author><author>Yuanchen Sun</author><author>Mingda Li</author><author>Sanmang Wu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[China’s nickel ore import supply chain can be regarded as a complex system exposed to coupled disturbances from geopolitical uncertainty, transport disruptions, market concentration, and demand growth. To capture the nonlinear evolution of these interacting risks, this study develops an interpretable computational modeling framework for risk assessment, early warning, and trade-inventory optimization. A four-dimensional indicator system covering availability, acceptability, accessibility, and controllability is first constructed, and an entropy-weighted Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is used to derive the composite risk index. Based on this index, a multi-model early warning framework is established and compared across representative machine-learning and deep-learning methods. The results show that the multilayer perceptron (MLP) achieves the best overall predictive performance among the benchmark models, indicating strong capability in capturing nonlinear and shock-driven risk fluctuations. SHAP analysis further reveals that inventory variation, transportation risk, and import concentration are the most influential drivers, followed by new energy vehicle demand growth and geopolitical risk. An MLP-based inversion model is then used to optimize trade-inventory coordination, reducing the risk index to 31.1 under the optimal scenario. The study provides an interpretable computational modeling framework for understanding, anticipating, and governing nickel ore import supply chain risk under complex global uncertainty.]]></description>
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