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        <title>Frontiers in Physics | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physics</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Physics | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-05-01T06:20:13.621+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1776432</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1776432</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Bound states and resonance analysis of one-dimensional relativistic parity-symmetric two-point interactions]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Carlos A. Bonin</author><author>Manuel Gadella</author><author>José T. Lunardi</author><author>Luiz A. Manzoni</author>
        <description><![CDATA[We consider the one-dimensional Dirac equation with the most general relativistic contact interaction supported on two points symmetrically located with respect to the origin. We use a distributional method to determine the shape of the interaction, which, in the present case, is equivalent to the standard method of defining contact interactions by self-adjoint extensions of symmetric operators. The interaction on each of these two points depends on four parameters, each one having a clear physical meaning. We are interested in the scattering and confining properties of this model. We focus our attention on even or odd interactions under parity transformations and investigate the existence of critical and supercritical states, bound states, confinement, and scattering resonances for some particular interactions of special interest.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1753058</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1753058</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Microscopy X-ray imaging enriched with small angle X-ray scattering for few nanometer resolution reveals shock waves and compression in intense short pulse laser irradiation of solids]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Thomas Kluge</author><author>Arthur Hirsch-Passicos</author><author>Jannis Schulz</author><author>Nick Czapla</author><author>Mungo Frost</author><author>Eric Galtier</author><author>Maxence Gauthier</author><author>Jörg Grenzer</author><author>Christian Gutt</author><author>Lingen Huang</author><author>Uwe Hübner</author><author>Megan Ikeya</author><author>Hae Ja Lee</author><author>Dimitri Khaghani</author><author>Willow Moon Martin</author><author>Brian Edward Marré</author><author>Motoaki Nakatsutsumi</author><author>Paweł Ordyna</author><author>Franziska Paschke-Bruehl</author><author>Alexander Pelka</author><author>Lisa Randolph</author><author>Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt</author><author>Christopher Schoenwaelder</author><author>Michal Šmíd</author><author>Long Yang</author><author>Ulrich Schramm</author><author>Thomas E. Cowan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Understanding how laser pulses compress solids into high-energy-density states requires diagnostics that simultaneously resolve macroscopic geometry and nanometer-scale structure. Here we present a combined X-ray imaging (XRM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) approach that bridges this diagnostic gap. Using the Matter in Extreme Conditions end station at LCLS, we irradiated 25 μm copper wires with 45 fs, 0.9 J, 800 nm pulses at 3.5×1019 W/cm2 while probing with 8.2 keV XFEL pulses. XRM visualizes the evolution of ablation, compression, and inward-propagating fronts with ∼200 nm resolution, while SAXS quantifies their nanometer-scale sharpness via the time-resolved evolution of scattering streaks. The joint analysis reveals that an initially smooth compression steepens into a nanometer-sharp shock front after tsh≈(18±3) ps, consistent with an analytical steepening model and hydrodynamic simulations. The front reaches a velocity of csh≈25 km/s and a lateral width of several tens of microns, demonstrating direct observation of shock formation and decay at solid density for the first time with few-nanometer precision. This integrated XRM–SAXS method establishes a quantitative, multi-scale diagnostic of laser-driven shocks in dense plasmas relevant to inertial confinement fusion, warm dense matter, and planetary physics.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1815539</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1815539</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Structural measurement and resilience of China’s copyright trade dependency network under international regulation: a directed weighted network analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>XiaoXuan Zhang</author><author>Wenhong Qi</author><author>Han Liang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In the context of globalization, copyright trade has become a pivotal arena for national cultural diplomacy and the competition of soft power. Although China has faced a persistent trade deficit over the past decade, there is an urgent need to investigate its deep-seated dependencies and risks from the perspective of network structures. This study constructs an ego-centric network model centered on China to analyze the intensity and distribution characteristics of its connections with various trade partners. The results indicate that network connections are highly concentrated among a few core hubs, exhibiting significant structural imbalance. China, within this network, finds itself in a predicament of extensive connections but insufficient control. The discussion suggests that it is imperative to optimize the network structure by implementing precise diversification strategies, building inter-community bridges, and shaping node advantages in specific subfields. These measures aim to enhance the overall resilience and structural power of China’s copyright trade system.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1814739</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1814739</link>
        <title><![CDATA[High-sensitivity laser heterodyne radiometer based on balanced detection technology]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Renshi Li</author><author>Hao Deng</author><author>Chenguang Yang</author><author>Tao Sun</author><author>Zhenyu Xu</author><author>Nailiang Cao</author><author>Ruifeng Kan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[A heterodyne radiometer (LHR) based on the balanced-detection method has been developed to evaluate system performance under both balanced-detection and single-channel-detection modes. Experimental results demonstrate that the balanced-detection LHR exhibits superior suppression of laser-induced noise compared to the traditional single-channel-detection LHR. The developed system achieved a noise equivalent power (NEP) of 2.53 × 10−15 W/√Hz, which is only 1.7 times of the theoretical quantum limit. To further assess system performance, measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) column abundance were conducted. The measurement precision of the balanced-detection LHR was determined to be approximately 0.6%, which is 5.67 times higher than that of the single-channel-detection LHR.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1735060</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1735060</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Accelerating universes generated by off-diagonal deformations and geometric flows of black holes in Einstein gravity vs. f(R) gravity]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Sergiu I. Vacaru</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Over the past 2 decades, numerous modifications of general relativity (GR) and the standard cosmological paradigm have been proposed to describe both the early inflationary epoch and the late-time accelerating expansion of the Universe, while remaining consistent with updated observational data. In this work, we argue that it is possible to effectively “stop the machinery of producing” new modified gravity theories and exotic cosmological models, and instead remain within an axiomatic and spacetime - geometric framework of GR closely related to the standard ΛCDM paradigm. To support this claim, we construct new classes of generic off-diagonal solutions in GR and in the relativistic geometric flow theory of nonholonomic Einstein systems. These solutions describe the geometric evolution of black hole configurations into accelerating cosmological universes with effective dark energy fluids. Using the anholonomic frame and connection deformation method, we decouple and integrate, exactly or parametrically, the underlying nonlinear field equations for general off-diagonal metrics and (non)linear connection distortions. The resulting configurations, characterized by generating functions, integration functions, and effective sources, exhibit nonlinear symmetries and running cosmological constants, allowing smooth transformations between black hole and cosmological geometries. The constructed off-diagonal cosmological solutions in GR and certain viable f(R) models are analyzed with respect to observational constraints, and their thermodynamic properties are studied within a relativistic framework of geometric flows and nonholonomically modified Perelman-type thermodynamics.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1817739</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1817739</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Quantumness can enhance resilience to statistical noise in spin-network quantum reservoir computing]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Youssef Kora</author><author>Christoph Simon</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Quantum reservoir computing offers a promising approach to the utilization of complex quantum dynamics in machine learning. Statistical noise inevitably arises in real settings of quantum reservoir computing (QRC) due to the practical necessity of taking a small to moderate number of measurements. We investigate the effect of statistical noise in spin-network QRC on the possible performance benefits conferred by quantumness. As our measures of quantumness, we employ both quantum entanglement, which we quantify by the partial transpose of the density matrix, and coherence, which we quantify as the sum of the absolute values of the off-diagonal elements of the density matrix. We find that reservoirs which enjoy a finite degree of quantum entanglement and coherence are more stable against the adverse effects of statistical noise on performance compared to their unentangled, incoherent counterparts. Our results thus indicate that the potential benefit reservoir computers may derive from quantumness depends on the number of measurements used for training and testing, and that statistical noise, albeit detrimental on the whole, may leave quantum reservoirs in a stronger position relative to less quantum ones. These findings not only emphasize the importance of incorporating realistic noise models, but also suggest that the search for computational regimes that benefit from quantumness may be aided rather than impeded by the practical constraints of implementation within existing machines.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1779002</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1779002</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Physics-informed neural network framework for fast and accurate nanofluid heat-transfer prediction in microchannel heat sinks]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Hend Khalid Alkahtani</author><author>Galiya Ybytayeva</author><author>Ayman Qahmash</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionPhysics-informed, data-efficient surrogates for microchannel cooling are needed as power densities in electronics and photonics approach thermal limits, yet design workflows still rely on empirical correlations or computationally expensive simulations. This study aims to provide a fast, interpretable, physically consistent, and reliable predictor for heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, and hotspot temperature in nanofluid microchannels.MethodsWe developed a hybrid physics-informed neural network trained on more than 10,000 tabulated records curated from a Kaggle repository and treated as compiled heterogeneous operating condition response pairs with limited case-level traceability. The framework uses physics-constrained inputs derived from nanofluid mixture rules and slip-related descriptors, and optimizes a composite loss combining data mismatch, reduced-order conservation-residual penalties, and boundary-condition inconsistency penalties in operating-condition space. To enrich sparse regions, physics-consistent synthetic augmentation was applied by sampling admissible conditions and retaining only feasible samples that satisfied constraint checks.ResultsThe proposed model outperformed strong baselines, achieving a mean absolute error of 11.3, a root mean squared error of 18.4, and a coefficient of determination of 0.96 on the test set. Physics-consistency auditing showed 98.7% feasibility with low residual magnitudes and low boundary-violation rates. Inference profiling yielded approximately 15.7 ms on a GPU and 120 ms on a CPU for single-sample evaluation.DiscussionThe results support the use of physics-informed learning as an auditable surrogate for rapid design screening in nanofluid microchannel applications. The framework reduces reliance on repeated high-fidelity simulation while reporting residual and boundary metrics alongside predictive accuracy. However, controlled hardware testbed validation is still required before industrial deployment.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1806936</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1806936</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A scalar-field model with information-theoretic interpretation: solitonic matter, gauge symmetry breaking, and dark matter candidates]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Mahgoub A. Salih</author>
        <description><![CDATA[We introduce a relativistic complex scalar field model motivated by the Information Discrimination Theory (IDT) framework, in which the field amplitude is interpreted as a local measure of configuration distinguishability. The theory is defined by a Lorentz-invariant Lagrangian with a nonlinear self-interaction potential that supports spontaneous symmetry breaking and admits spatially localized, finite-energy solutions. For a spherically symmetric stationary ansatz, the field equations reduce to a nonlinear radial boundary-value problem; we demonstrate that the model naturally yields particle-like solitonic configurations (spin-0 excitations) characterized by a rest energy obtained from the corresponding Hamiltonian functional. Classical stability of these solitons is established using the Vakhitov–Kolokolov criterion, and absolute stability against decay (via E/Q<m0) is confirmed for approximately 58% of the frequency existence window; the remaining 42% are energetically unstable and excluded from dark matter candidacy. We further couple the scalar to an Abelian gauge field via minimal coupling and demonstrate how symmetry breaking generates a gauge-boson mass term within this framework. The absolutely stable solitonic configurations represent viable candidates for scalar dark matter in the microscopic mass regime; macroscopic masses require gravitationally bound boson star extensions. We establish a connection between the kinetic structure and Fisher information geometry, and propose extensions to fermionic matter via Yukawa coupling. The relationship to established non-topological soliton (Q-ball) literature is discussed, along with explicit limitations of the present model and directions for extension. While the IDT interpretation provides conceptual motivation, the main results—the existence of absolutely stable localized solutions, their dark matter phenomenology, and symmetry-breaking dynamics—stand independently as contributions to nonlinear field theory.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1724946</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1724946</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Static analysis of plantar pressures and kinetic parameters in pes cavus versus normal feet: a case–control study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Lucía Martínez-Salvador</author><author>Helena Silva-Migueis</author><author>Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo</author><author>Marta Losa-Iglesias</author><author>Javier Bayod-López</author><author>Israel Casado-Hernández</author><author>Juan Gómez-Salgado</author><author>Daniel López-López</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundAt least 10% of the population has cavus feet. This type of foot, characterized by a high medial arch, is usually accompanied by muscle imbalances, calluses, and pain in the hindfoot, lateral column, and forefoot. Early treatments are crucial for these patients, given that they could benefit from the modification of their static plantar pressure distribution to prevent osteoarthritis or pressure ulcers. Baropodometry has been shown to serve as an efficient and cost-effective instrument for evaluating foot features related to ground loads and reactive forces. The primary aim of the current investigation was to assess and analyze subjects with pes cavus and compare the results with patients with normal feet using a pressure platform.MethodsA total of 82 participants were involved in the research, split into 41 individuals with cavus feet and 41 with normal-arch feet. The descriptive observational case–control study took place from October to December 2024 at the A Coruña University, located in Spain. The Neo-Plate® baropodometric platform was used to observe static plantar pressures. Three 30-s recordings were needed per individual. The results were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics Software v.19.0 and compared using Student’s t-test and Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsThe outcomes indicated that the pes cavus group had less total contact surface area while the weight was focused on the forefoot and hindfoot, the left foot surface area was 150.31 cm2 ± 22.95 (145.36–155.27) in the case group and 161.71 cm2 ± 14.88 (156.96–166.45) in the control group, with a P = < 0.001, and the case group had higher mean maximum pressure of the right foot (141.25 ± 17.65 kPa) than the control group (135.08 ± 8.67 kPa, P = 0.001).ConclusionBaropodometric platforms are a reliable tool for studying and interpreting static plantar pressures in subjects with pes cavus. Subjects with cavus feet have a different load distribution than subjects with normal feet, with greater weight-bearing areas in the hindfoot and forefoot, along with less total contact support. Limitations include sex imbalance and type of footwear used in sports practice.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1785611</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1785611</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A method for determining the surface impedance and absorption coefficient of locally and non-locally reactive acoustic materials in free field]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yahu Zhang</author><author>Kai Wang</author><author>Wenjuan Yu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This paper focuses on the deduction of surface impedance and absorption coefficient of locally and non-locally reactive materials in free field. A sound wave model based on the complex image theory is introduced and used for deducing the characteristics of both locally and non-locally reactive materials. For the locally reactive material, the method based on the complex image model is compared with the other two existing deduction methods based on the Q-term model and the F-term model. The comparisons are made through numerical experiment in which the sound field above an impedance plane is simulated by the boundary element method. The results show that, considering both the accuracy and the efficiency, the complex image model-based method would be an optimal choice. For the non-locally reactive material, the method based on the complex image model is then compared with the existing deduction method based on the sound wave model proposed by Allard. The numerical experiment shows that, the method based on the complex image model can obtain almost the same result as that of the method based on the Allard’s model but cost less time.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1849264</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1849264</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Acquisition and application of multimodal sensing information, volume III]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Xukun Yin</author><author>Changhui Jiang</author><author>Huadan Zheng</author><author>Angelo Sampaolo</author><author>Kaijie Xu</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1732634</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1732634</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Mixed-convection MHD non-Newtonian fluid with entropy generation]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Sadia Asad</author>
        <description><![CDATA[We analyze the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection flow of a viscoelastic fluid with entropy generation. MHD mixed convection with entropy generation describes fluid flow in which both buoyancy-driven and externally driven convection occur simultaneously under the influence of a magnetic field. This study focuses on thermodynamic irreversibility, which is quantified as entropy generation within the system. This topic is significant in various engineering applications, such as nuclear reactors and electronic cooling devices. Research in this area usually utilizes analytical simulations to explore how key parameters, such as the curvature parameter, viscoelastic parameter, magnetic parameter, mixed convection parameter, and Brinkman number, affect heat transfer and entropy generation. The viscoelastic behavior of the fluid is modeled using the Walters’-B constitutive equation. The flow is induced by a stretching cylindrical surface, and viscous dissipation is incorporated into the energy equation. Scientists and engineers worldwide have shown growing interest in flows with entropy generation due to their unique properties in automotive engineering, metal spinning, heat transfer and storage systems, power generation, and renewable energy applications. Among these, heat transfer plays a crucial role in determining the efficiency and quality of the final product. Appropriate similarity modifications are introduced to reduce the governing “partial differential equations” (PDEs) into a system of “ordinary differential equations” (ODEs). Analytical solutions for the resulting nonlinear flow and thermal equations are obtained using the homotopy analysis method. Values for the “skin friction” coefficient and “local Nusselt” number are computed and analyzed. The physical behavior of key parameters is illustrated through graphical representations and supported by tabulated data. A notable aspect of this study is the detailed analysis of entropy generation. Observations indicate that the curvature and mixed convection parameters enhance both the flow and heat transfer rates near the cylinder surface. The viscoelastic parameter significantly influences both the temperature and velocity profiles. Entropy generation increases significantly with higher values of the magnetic field strength and Brinkman number, while it decreases with higher values of the temperature ratio parameter and the Weissenberg number. These parameters can, thus, be effectively used to control the ¸entropy generation process.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1767745</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1767745</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Towards effective GNSS repeater spoofing: performance evaluation and power control]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Lixun Li</author><author>Du Li</author><author>Wenkun Gu</author><author>Haojie Zhang</author><author>Yongqing Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) repeater spoofing is an effective technique for countering threats posed by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), particularly against authorized signals. However, ensuring the effectiveness of such spoofing remains a critical challenge in the design, primarily in two aspects: performance evaluation and spoofing signal power control. In terms of performance evaluation, traditional approaches mainly rely on field tests, which are time-consuming and lack the capability for quantitative analysis. For the power control, conventional methods typically generate spoofing signals directly or adjust them based solely on the distance between the spoofer and the target UAV. However, due to the gain difference between the front and rear sides of the antenna, the strength and carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the spoofing signal often deviate significantly from those of the authentic signal. To address these issues, this paper firstly proposes a novel method for assessing spoofing effectiveness based on signal strength and quality metrics. A quality model for repeater spoofing was established; by comparing the performance of spoofing signals against authentic signals, two key evaluation metrics are formulated: the strength ratio of the spoofing to authentic signal (SRSA) and the carrier-to-noise-ratio ratio of the spoofing to authentic signal (CNRSA). Building on this, the paper further proposes an improved method for controlling the signal strength in repeater spoofing using a ranging radar and an antenna pattern library (APL). The APL is employed to evaluate the gain discrepancy between the spoofing and authentic signal, while the ranging radar provides real-time distance measurements. Based on these inputs, the spoofing signal strength is adaptively adjusted, numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Compared with existing methods, the incorporation of the APL unit enhances the stability of both the signal strength and CNR. Moreover, the effective spoofing range covers all directions, independent of the incident angle of the spoofing signal.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1755135</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1755135</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Infrared polarization visualization of the water surface via dispersion resonance]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yueyuan Wang</author><author>Wei Cai</author><author>Zhiyong Yang</author><author>Mingdi Zhang</author><author>Dong Chen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Advanced infrared polarization recognition technology for water surface targets relies heavily on a comprehensive understanding and accurate modeling of the infrared polarization characteristics of water backgrounds. However, due to the dynamic physicochemical properties of both the atmosphere and the water body itself, measuring the infrared polarization characteristics of water surfaces is highly challenging and often fails to provide accurate data for effective background suppression in polarization-based detection. By introducing the dielectric function, which captures the polarimetric spectral response of water, a polarization model based on the dispersion–resonance mechanism can be established. This approach contributes to the development of a more precise visual model for infrared polarization over water surfaces and enhances our mechanistic understanding of the microscopic origins of infrared polarization in water bodies. Due to its diverse molecular vibration modes, water exhibits multiple resonance peaks in the dielectric function spectrum, which characterizes its electromagnetic response. These resonance features are commonly described by dispersion resonance equations such as the Lorentz model, forming an important theoretical basis for infrared polarization visualization of water surfaces. In this study, we establish a polarization physical model driven by dispersion resonance to describe the polarization characteristics of water surfaces in arbitrary infrared bands and under various altitude angles. Under controlled laboratory temperature conditions, a high-extinction-ratio time-sharing polarization detection system was constructed to measure the infrared degree of polarization of a pure water surface at different altitude angles within a specific waveband. The results show that, under a given atmospheric transmittance, the dispersion–resonance-driven polarization model can quantitatively characterize the infrared polarization properties of the water surface.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1832046</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1832046</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Recent mathematical and theoretical progress in quantum mechanics]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Manuel Gadella</author><author>José T. Lunardi</author><author>Luiz A. Manzoni</author><author>Luis M. Nieto</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1743945</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1743945</link>
        <title><![CDATA[PriRS: an AI-driven framework for privacy and reliability in cyber–physical–social systems data sharing]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Xu Yao</author><author>Kun Zhang</author><author>Yingwei Liang</author><author>Chenghui Liu</author><author>Taipeng Zhu</author><author>Fangfang Zhou</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Cyber–physical–social systems (CPSS) impose stringent requirements for data sharing security and regulatory compliance. However, existing solutions fail to bridge the gap between rigid smart contracts and flexible social regulations. The core research question is: how can we enforce complex, human-readable regulatory policies within rigid blockchain transactions without creating scalability bottlenecks? To address this, we propose PriRS, an AI-driven privacy and reliability framework. First, we utilize a large language model (LLM)-based compliance oracle within a trusted execution environment (TEE). This agent intelligently analyzes regulations to ensure strict compliance before data authorization. Second, we introduce a “majority voting group data sharing” mechanism. By combining Shamir’s secret sharing with conditional proxy re-encryption, we move heavy coordination off-chain. This ensures fairness and significantly improves throughput. Experimental results on the Sepolia testnet demonstrate that PriRS reduces on-chain gas consumption by 92.3% compared to state-of-the-art schemes. The AI-driven oracle achieves 96.0% accuracy and 98.0% precision on policy violation detection, while maintaining 100% deterministic consistency across repeated runs in the TEE. Consequently, PriRS provides a highly efficient, secure, and legally compliant foundation for decentralized CPSS data markets.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1746538</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1746538</link>
        <title><![CDATA[High-performance ultrasonic transducer for cemented carbide: multi-component synergistic optimization and performance assessment]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Deguang Wu</author><author>Wei Chen</author><author>Zhizhong Wu</author><author>Zechen Lei</author><author>Lijun Tang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[High-sensitivity detection of micro-defects in cemented carbides necessitates ultrasonic transducers exhibiting exceptional operational performance. However, contemporary transducer research is limited to the optimization of the performance of a single component. Here, we propose a Multi-Component Synergistic Optimization (MCSO) methodology for integrated piezoelectric layer-matching layer-backing layer systems, enabling the development of a high-frequency, high-performance Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Testing Transducer (UNDTT) for cemented carbide inspection. Through systematic material characterization across piezoelectric, matching, and backing layer configurations, symmetric multiphysics models were concurrently established for impedance and pulse-echo analyses. Finite element simulations quantified UNDTT performance metrics, including electromechanical coupling coefficient (ECC), sensitivity, bandwidth, and center frequency, while systematically elucidating the mechanistic influence of constituent materials on transducer performance. Simulation experiments show that the PMN-29PT/Gold/Epoxy configuration demonstrated optimal comprehensive performance, exhibiting 0.889 V sensitivity, 0.55 ECC, 45.3% bandwidth, and 9.242 MHz center frequency. Thereby, this work provides technical support for detecting internal micro-defects in cemented carbide.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1717253</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1717253</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The effect of label noise on the information content of neural representations]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-22T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ali Hussaini Umar</author><author>Franky Kevin Nando Tezoh</author><author>Jean Barbier</author><author>Santiago Acevedo</author><author>Alessandro Laio</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionIn supervised classification tasks, models are trained to predict a label for each data point. In real-world datasets, these labels are often noisy due to annotation errors. While the impact of label noise on the performance of deep learning models has been widely studied, its effects on networks' hidden representations remain poorly understood.MethodWe address this gap by systematically comparing hidden representations using the Information Imbalance, a computationally efficient proxy of conditional mutual information. We analyze representations learned by networks of varying sizes, trained on datasets with controlled levels of label noise.ResultThrough this analysis, we observe that the information content of the hidden representations follows a double descent as a function of the number of network parameters, akin to the behavior of the test error. We show that in the underparameterized regime, representations learned with noisy labels are more informative than those with clean labels, while in the overparameterized regime they are equally informative. We also show that label noise decreases the information content between the penultimate and pre-softmax layers, mirroring the increase in the test error. Finally, representations learned from random labels perform worse than random features when the number of network parameters and training samples are scaled proportionally with a fixed ratio.DiscussionOverall, our results suggest that representations of overparameterized networks are robust to label noise. The relationship between the information imbalance (between the penultimate and pre-spftmax layers) and the test error offers a new perspective on understanding generalization and highlights how training objectives shape internal representations. In addition, the poor performance of the representations learned from random labels—compared to random features—indicates that training in this setting goes beyond lazy learning.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1798812</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1798812</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Influence of laser amplitude and beam waist radius on attosecond pulse trains in a cross-collision tightly focused circularly polarized field]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-22T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Zihan Li</author><author>Zichen Xue</author><author>Zhaoze Chai</author><author>Bo Chen</author><author>Youwei Tian</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Radiation from nonlinear Thomson scattering (RNTS) has emerged as an important mechanism for generating highly directional and broadband attosecond emission. However, the influence of laser-field structure on electron dynamics and the resulting radiation characteristics has not yet been systematically explored. In this work, we employ a tightly focused circularly polarized Gaussian laser model that incorporates high-order field components to investigate the trajectory evolution and radiation features of high-energy electrons in a cross-collision geometry under the coupled variation of laser amplitude a0  (normalized laser amplitude a0)and beam waist radius b0normalized beam waist b0=ω0/λ0. The results show that a0 predominantly governs longitudinal acceleration and spectral broadening, while b0 modulates the interaction length and strongly affects radiation directivity. Together, these parameters determine the spatial peak position, beam collimation, and structural features of the emitted attosecond pulses. This study reveals the regulatory role of laser-field structure in RNTS and provides theoretical guidance for optimizing high-directionality and broadband attosecond light sources.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1758206</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1758206</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Hardware demonstration of a fixed Tensor P2 kernel: zero-entropy leakage and stable coherence across dual microcontroller platforms]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-21T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Destiny Machwaya</author>
        <description><![CDATA[A fixed, non-adaptive Tensor P2 quantum kernel was executed continuously on two microcontroller platforms, a Raspberry Pi Pico (QCC Echo-Origin) and an ESP32-S3 (EchoLift Harmony, radiation-hardened adaptation), to assess runtime stability and entropy behavior under ordinary conditions. Devices ran openly on a dining-room table at room temperature, unshielded and unenclosed. Each platform completed 2-, 30-, and 60-min soaks. For all runs on both devices, outputs matched their reference simulations with no drift or corruption: 0.00% measured entropy leakage and continuous coherence lock. Long soaks were visually traced on a live plotter to confirm uninterrupted loop progression. All sessions were video-recorded and SHA-256 hashed. An independent quantum-security reviewer (Francisco Javier “JJ” Jimenez, CEO, QuantumThreat Labs) directly observed the Qiskit kernel trace, the live hardware runs, and a perturbation check and signed a validation statement. These results provide an empirical baseline for Tensor P2 behavior across heterogeneous controllers at room temperature.]]></description>
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