<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <rss version="2.0">
      <channel xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/">
        <title>Frontiers in Physics | Fusion Plasma Physics section | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physics/sections/fusion-plasma-physics</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Fusion Plasma Physics section in the Frontiers in Physics journal | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
        <generator>Frontiers Feed Generator,version:1</generator>
        <pubDate>2026-05-09T21:47:51.789+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1753058</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1753058</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Microscopy X-ray imaging enriched with small angle X-ray scattering for few nanometer resolution reveals shock waves and compression in intense short pulse laser irradiation of solids]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Thomas Kluge</author><author>Arthur Hirsch-Passicos</author><author>Jannis Schulz</author><author>Nick Czapla</author><author>Mungo Frost</author><author>Eric Galtier</author><author>Maxence Gauthier</author><author>Jörg Grenzer</author><author>Christian Gutt</author><author>Lingen Huang</author><author>Uwe Hübner</author><author>Megan Ikeya</author><author>Hae Ja Lee</author><author>Dimitri Khaghani</author><author>Willow Moon Martin</author><author>Brian Edward Marré</author><author>Motoaki Nakatsutsumi</author><author>Paweł Ordyna</author><author>Franziska Paschke-Bruehl</author><author>Alexander Pelka</author><author>Lisa Randolph</author><author>Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt</author><author>Christopher Schoenwaelder</author><author>Michal Šmíd</author><author>Long Yang</author><author>Ulrich Schramm</author><author>Thomas E. Cowan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Understanding how laser pulses compress solids into high-energy-density states requires diagnostics that simultaneously resolve macroscopic geometry and nanometer-scale structure. Here we present a combined X-ray imaging (XRM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) approach that bridges this diagnostic gap. Using the Matter in Extreme Conditions end station at LCLS, we irradiated 25 μm copper wires with 45 fs, 0.9 J, 800 nm pulses at 3.5×1019 W/cm2 while probing with 8.2 keV XFEL pulses. XRM visualizes the evolution of ablation, compression, and inward-propagating fronts with ∼200 nm resolution, while SAXS quantifies their nanometer-scale sharpness via the time-resolved evolution of scattering streaks. The joint analysis reveals that an initially smooth compression steepens into a nanometer-sharp shock front after tsh≈(18±3) ps, consistent with an analytical steepening model and hydrodynamic simulations. The front reaches a velocity of csh≈25 km/s and a lateral width of several tens of microns, demonstrating direct observation of shock formation and decay at solid density for the first time with few-nanometer precision. This integrated XRM–SAXS method establishes a quantitative, multi-scale diagnostic of laser-driven shocks in dense plasmas relevant to inertial confinement fusion, warm dense matter, and planetary physics.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1666941</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1666941</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Energy partition of fast ions and fast electrons in foil plasma expansion under continuous irradiation with kJ petawatt laser light]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-10-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Natsumi Iwata</author><author>Yasuhiko Sentoku</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Kilojoule-class relativistic-intensity lasers with multi-picosecond (ps) pulse durations can efficiently produce fast ions in interactions with thin foil plasmas via target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA). We derive the energy partition between fast ions and fast electrons during the expansion of a thin foil plasma irradiated by a relativistic-intensity laser over picosecond timescales. As the expansion proceeds with continuous laser heating, both ion and electron energies increase simultaneously. In this study, we show that the energy partition between fast electrons and fast ions converges to a steady-state level on a ps timescale. This level is determined by the time dependence of the effective temperature of fast electrons and the dimensionality of momentum space. The steady-state level is verified by particle-in-cell simulations. The theory can be used to predict the energy conversion efficiency from the laser to fast ions for applications such as laser-driven proton sources.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1668106</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1668106</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Visualizing offline and live data with AI (VOLDA) workshop first edition Princeton 11-13th June 2024]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-09-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>D. Mazon</author><author>L. Abadie</author><author>R. M. Churchill</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1553993</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1553993</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Exploring NAS for anomaly detection in superconducting cavities of particle accelerators]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-05-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Lynda Boukela</author><author>Julien Branlard</author><author>Annika Eichler</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The European X-Ray Free Electron Laser is the largest particle accelerator for X-ray laser generation worldwide. To ensure a safe and efficient operation, the plant uses various monitoring systems, especially in the linear accelerator. The low-level radio frequency system has shown reliability in diagnostics, particularly in quench detection. A quench refers to a superconducting radio frequency cavity losing its superconductivity and possibly causing a downtime. The diagnostics solution, however, can be enhanced in terms of robustness and functionality. Currently, the focus is on integrating artificial intelligence to improve quench identification. Thus, a lightweight machine learning-assisted approach targeting FPGA deployment is developed. It relies on the augmentation of a physical model-based anomaly detection approach with neural network models to distinguish the quenches from the other anomalies. This paper presents the solution in which neural architecture search is applied, and elaborates on how visualizing and analyzing the anomaly detection results can provide critical insights for both short-term diagnostics and long-term pattern identification.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1538107</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1538107</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Automatic location of relevant time slices and patterns in both signals and video-movies: real-time and off-line visualization]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-04-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>J. Vega</author><author>R. Castro</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Next generation nuclear fusion devices, (for instance ITER), will generate Pbytes of data. To gain knowledge about the nature of thermonuclear plasmas, an in depth analysis of such massive databases is required. Typically, to get statistical relevance in the study of the plasma properties, particular databases around specific plasma events are created. This means their location not only in discharges but also in the corresponding times. In this respect, visualization tools are essential. Of course, manual location of any relevant phenomenology by means of visual analysis is no longer valid. Instead, automatic software based methods are necessary. These methods have to be applied in both real-time and off-line not only for visualization purposes but also for data access. Candidates for their implementation are machine learning techniques.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1569248</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1569248</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Advanced techniques for fusion data visualisation]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-04-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Nitesh Bhatia</author><author>Rui Costa</author><author>Samuel Jackson</author><author>Nathan Cummings</author><author>Stanislas J. P. Pamela</author><author>Shaun de Witt</author><author>Alejandra N. Gonzalez Beltran</author><author>Robert Akers</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The research and development of fusion energy technology is becoming increasingly complex and involving large amounts of diverse data like engineering CAD models, multi-physics simulations, and AI-based diagnostics. Such diversity and multi-modality of data necessitate the creation of advanced visualisation systems for improved data integration, accessibility, and usability. This study explores the adaptation of advanced visualisation techniques to fusion data through three core domains: (1) efficient analysis and instinctive exploration of heterogeneous datasets; (2) construction of visualisation pipelines enabling iterative refinement and retrospective analysis; and (3) deployment of new tools and technologies tailored to fusion-specific applications such as 3D visualisation, real-time dashboards, and immersive environments. As a result, this paper presents an integrative approach to combining diverse fusion data sources using advanced tools such as NVIDIA Omniverse, ParaView, Blender, Grafana, and WebXR. We further discuss a framework integrating simulation data, diagnostics, and design models into an interactive ecosystem. We demonstrate its effectiveness through key use cases, including camera-like MHD simulations, interactive diagnostic dashboards, and immersive AR/VR visualisation of tokamak data. These advances enhance scientific understanding, facilitate cross-disciplinary collaboration, and pave the way for future AI-driven adaptive visualisation in fusion research.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1541060</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1541060</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Smart decimation method applied to real-time monitoring]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-04-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Rodrigo Castro</author><author>Jesús Vega</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Real-time signal monitoring in high-data-rate environments, such as fusion energy experiments, requires efficient data reduction techniques to ensure timely and accurate visualization. Traditional decimation methods, like the widely used “1 of N,” select points uniformly without considering the signal’s intrinsic characteristics. This approach often results in poor similarity between the decimated and original signals, particularly for high acquisition rate data. This work introduces a novel intelligent decimation method tailored for one-dimensional time-evolving signals. The proposed method dynamically analyzes the signal in real-time to identify regions of high informational content and adaptively determines the most suitable decimation points. By prioritizing signal richness and distributing points more precisely, this method achieves superior fidelity compared to classical decimation, while maintaining or surpassing decimation efficiency. Experimental validation using TJ-II data demonstrates significant improvements in signal similarity, highlighting the potential of intelligent decimation for advancing real-time monitoring in data-intensive scientific environments.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1535042</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1535042</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Visualization techniques for the gyrokinetic tokamak simulation code]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-02-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Eliot Feibush</author><author>Stephane Ethier</author><author>Jason Yan</author><author>Alexander Yao</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Gyrokinetic simulations of plasma microturbulence in tokamaks are challenging to visualize because the compute grid follows the magnetic field lines that spiral around the torus. We have overcome this challenge by developing three new approaches that improve visualization of gyrokinetics. Our techniques work directly with the topology of magnetic flux surfaces where the simulation stores variables in concentric rings on poloidal planes (vertical cross sections of the torus). Our visualization preview step triangulates each consecutive pair of rings to display the data on a poloidal plane. The second visualization technique follows spiral field lines around the torus and constructs polygons to visualize a flux surface. Third, the poloidal triangles are connected between planes to form prisms that compose a 3-D model of the entire torus. The visualization workflow produces detailed geometry that matches the high resolution, irregular compute grid for every time step. The surface and solid models are displayed in scientific visualization programs to effectively explore and communicate the results, including fluctuation of electron density, ion temperature, and electrostatic potential. Highly detailed renderings verify plasma behavior along magnetic field lines over time.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1531334</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1531334</link>
        <title><![CDATA[AI foundation models for experimental fusion tasks]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-02-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Perspective</category>
        <author>R. Michael Churchill</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Artificial Intelligence (AI) foundation models, while successful in various domains of language, speech, and vision, have not been adopted in production for fusion energy experiments. This brief paper presents how AI foundation models can be used for fusion energy diagnostics, enabling, for example, visual automated logbooks to provide greater insights into chains of plasma events in a discharge, in time for between-shot analysis.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1555688</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1555688</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Proton boron nuclear fusion: from energy production to medical applications]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-01-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Noaz Nissim</author><author>Katarzyna Liliana Batani</author><author>Lorenzo Giuffrida</author><author>Shalom Eliezer</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1524041</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1524041</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Accelerating discoveries at DIII-D with the Integrated Research Infrastructure]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-01-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>T. Bechtel Amara</author><author>S. P. Smith</author><author>Z. A. Xing</author><author>S. S. Denk</author><author>A. Deshpande</author><author>A. O. Nelson</author><author>C. Simpson</author><author>E. W. DeShazer</author><author>T. F. Neiser</author><author>O. Antepara</author><author>C. M. Clark</author><author>J. Lestz</author><author>J. Colmenares</author><author>N. Tyler</author><author>P. Ding</author><author>M. Kostuk</author><author>E. D. Dart</author><author>R. Nazikian</author><author>T. Osborne</author><author>S. Williams</author><author>T. Uram</author><author>D. Schissel</author>
        <description><![CDATA[DIII-D research is being accelerated by leveraging high performance computing (HPC) and data resources available through the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) Superfacility initiative. As part of this initiative, a high-resolution, fully automated, whole discharge kinetic equilibrium reconstruction workflow was developed that runs at the NERSC for most DIII-D shots in under 20 min. This has eliminated a long-standing research barrier and opened the door to more sophisticated analyses, including plasma transport and stability. These capabilities would benefit from being automated and executed within the larger Department of Energy Advanced Scientific Computing Research program’s Integrated Research Infrastructure (IRI) framework. The goal of IRI is to empower researchers to meld DOE’s world-class research tools, infrastructure, and user facilities seamlessly and securely in novel ways to radically accelerate discovery and innovation. For transport, we are looking at producing flux matched profiles and also using particle tracing to predict fast ion heat deposition from neutral beam injection before a shot takes place. Our starting point for evaluating plasma stability focuses on the pedestal limits that must be navigated to achieve better confinement. This information is meant to help operators run more effective experiments, so it needs to be available rapidly inside the DIII-D control room. So far this has been achieved by ensuring the data is available with existing tools, but as more novel results are produced new visualization tools must be developed. In addition, all of the high-quality data we have generated has been collected into databases that can unlock even deeper insights. This has already been leveraged for model and code validation studies as well as for developing AI/ML surrogates. The workflows developed for this project are intended to serve as prototypes that can be replicated on other experiments and can be run to provide timely and essential information for ITER, as well as next stage fusion power plants.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1534076</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1534076</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Spin-polarized particles in relativistic plasmas for particle accelerators and fusion reactors]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-12-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Lars Reichwein</author><author>Zheng Gong</author><author>Liangliang Ji</author><author>Andreas Lehrach</author><author>Ralf Engels</author><author>T. Peter Rakitzis</author><author>Markus Büscher</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1480868</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1480868</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Isolated spin polarized hydrogen atoms as targets for laser-induced polarized electron acceleration]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-11-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Dimitris Sofikitis</author><author>Marios G. Stamatakis</author><author>Dimitrios G. Papazoglou</author><author>T. Peter Rakitzis</author>
        <description><![CDATA[High density Spin Polarized Hydrogen (SPH) atoms, which can be prepared using UV dissociation of hydro-halide molecules, can be attractive as potential targets for laser ionization/acceleration schemes aiming to create high energy and high current polarized electron beams. However, for these SPH targets to be of practical use, they have to be spatially isolated from the halide atoms which accompany hydrogen in the parent hydro-halide molecule. We show how the UV dissociation dynamics of hydro-halides and the dissociation geometry and timing can be combined to prepare a variety of isolated SPH targets aimed to accommodate laser acceleration schemes.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1440040</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1440040</link>
        <title><![CDATA[On scaling of proton- boron fusion power in a nanosecond vacuum discharge]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-11-22T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yu. K. Kurilenkov</author><author>S. N. Andreev</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In this paper, we present the results of further PiC simulations in the full electromagnetic code of the processes leading to the proton-boron reactions in a single device for plasma confinement, based on miniature nanosecond vacuum discharge (NVD) in a cylindrical geometry. In particular, we present and discuss in more detail the α particle output for the real electrodes geometry used in the first aneutronic proton–boron fusion experiments with NVD. It follows from them that the total yield of α particles was accumulated in the initial experiments due to only single head-on converging of protons and boron ions accelerated in a very narrow potential well to the discharge axis. Further, in search of the ways for optimizing of proton–boron fusion in NVD, we study the scaling of fusion power depending on the size of the virtual cathode (or the inner radius of the anode space). The results of the PiC simulations by KARAT code show that the number of the proton-boron reactions at anode space of NVD increases with the anode volume grow, and the α particles output turns out to be proportional to the value of anode radius in the range RA ≈ 0.1–0.5 cm. However, the number of proton-boron reactions reaches some saturation under RA growing at the fixed time of high voltage applied and value of the energy input. In general, the formation of a more voluminous potential well (wider in radius and extended along the discharge axis), with well–defined oscillations of protons and boron ions in it, provides a noticeable increase in the output of α particles.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1492095</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1492095</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Divertor Tokamak Test: Impact of NBI shine-through and beam-plasma interaction on Divertor Tokamak Test facility]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-11-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>C. De Piccoli</author><author>P. Vincenzi</author><author>F. Veronese</author><author>P. Agostinetti</author><author>I. Casiraghi</author><author>A. Castaldo</author><author>P. Mantica</author><author>A. Murari</author><author>T. Bolzonella</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionIn this work, we aim to explore numerically the behavior of beam energetic particles in the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT), a superconductive device equipped with a Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) system capable of injecting neutrals up to 510 keV.MethodWe explore beam ionization and beam slowing down for different DTT plasma scenarios. Numerical simulations are performed using the ASCOT suite of codes, including a wide-range scan of plasma density and beam injection energy. For different plasma conditions, we estimate shine-through losses, including the heat fluxes on the first wall thanks to dedicated particle tracing simulations. Orbits of newly-born fast ions are characterized by means of the constant of motion phase space, showing how trapped energetic particles’ population and prompt losses change with plasma density and NBI energy.Results and discussionSlowing down simulations show that NBI injection at 510 keV is well coupled to DTT plasmas. DTT NBI will be one of the sources of auxiliary ion heating, with an absorbed power ratio of up to ∼50% depending on plasma and beam parameters. At low plasma densities, energetic particle confinement is less efficient, and NBI power and/or energy reduction is expected.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1425963</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1425963</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Towards p-11B medium configurations with high Pfus/PBrems ratios]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-11-15T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>C. Daponta</author><author>S. Moustaizis</author><author>S. Eliezer</author><author>Z. Henis</author><author>P. Lalousis</author><author>N. Nissim</author><author>Y. Schweitzer</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Aneutronic p-11B nuclear fusion is promising for clean energy production, as it produces three (3) alpha particles with 8.7 MeV total energy. However, the main difficulty for p-11B fusion ignition (Q = Pfus/PBrems≥ 1) concerns the nuclear cross section and thus, reactivity efficiency at higher than 200 keV medium temperatures. To overcome this difficulty, the present work emphasizes on the numerical investigation of medium schemes (configurations) with enhanced reactivity. The configurations refer to the addition of energetic protons in a low-density 11boron or proton–11boron medium (n = 1020 m−3), with (np/nB) > 1 for Bremsstrahlung losses optimization and initial temperature in the range of 1 keV ≤ Tin≤ 400 keV. A self-consistent multi-fluid global particle and energy balance code, including collisions between all medium species (p, 11B, e, α), is used for the description of the temporal evolution of all fusion medium physical parameters and the evaluation of the optimum initial conditions for the obtainment of Q ≥ 1. The numerical simulation results show that the coupling between the 200 keV < Ep,0≤ 750 keV energetic protons and the 1 keV ≤ Tin≤ 400 keV initial fusion medium leads to ignition, 1 ≤ Q < 1.4, below Tin= 100 keV. In all the presented initial medium temperature cases, and especially, the lower (<) than 100 keV, the ignition condition (Pfus/PBrems) > 1 arises, as a consequence of the chain reactions and the related avalanche alpha heating effect.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1428608</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1428608</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Boosting of fusion reactions initiated by laser accelerated proton beam in a non-thermal neutral and non-neutral proton-boron plasma]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-11-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>N. Nissim</author><author>Z. Henis</author><author>S. Eliezer</author><author>Y. Schweitzer</author><author>C. Daponta</author><author>S. Moustaizis</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In this paper we explore the possibility of boosting the reactivity of non-thermal proton-boron fusion triggered by an external proton beam in a plasma at densities near and lower than solid density and temperature characteristic to laser plasma interaction. Suprathermal protons generated by collisions with alpha particles, as well as energetic protons created by the beam protons that do not undergo fusion during the stopping down in the bulk plasma, are accounted for. In addition, we conduct calculations for non-neutral plasma, motivated by recent suggestion that the number of fusion events in such system may be increased.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1476618</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1476618</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Key feature identification of internal kink mode using machine learning]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-10-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Hongwei Ning</author><author>Shuyong Lou</author><author>Jianguo Wu</author><author>Teng Zhou</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The internal kink mode is one of the crucial factors affecting the stability of magnetically confined fusion devices. This paper explores the key features influencing the growth rate of internal kink modes using machine learning techniques such as Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGboost), Permutation, and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). We conduct an in-depth analysis of the significant physical mechanisms by which these key features impact the growth rate of internal kink modes. Numerical simulation data were used to train high-precision machine learning models, namely Random Forest and XGBoost, which achieved coefficients of determination values of 95.07% and 94.57%, respectively, demonstrating their capability to accurately predict the growth rate of internal kink modes. Based on these models, key feature analysis was systematically performed with Permutation and SHAP methods. The results indicate that resistance, pressure at the magnetic axis, viscosity, and plasma rotation are the primary features influencing the growth rate of internal kink modes. Specifically, resistance affects the evolution of internal kink modes by altering current distribution and magnetic field structure; pressure at the magnetic axis impacts the driving force of internal kink modes through the pressure gradient directly related to plasma stability; viscosity modifies the dynamic behavior of internal kink modes by regulating plasma flow; and plasma rotation introduces additional shear forces, affecting the stability and growth rate of internal kink modes. This paper describes the mechanisms by which these four key features influence the growth rate of internal kink modes, providing essential theoretical insights into the behavior of internal kink modes in magnetically confined fusion devices.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1489880</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1489880</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Research on the characteristics of the Helium plasma beam in HIT-PSI]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-10-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Tao Huang</author><author>Qiuyue Nie</author><author>Tao Jiang</author><author>Cheng Chen</author><author>Yang Liu</author><author>Jinming Gao</author><author>Laizhong Cai</author><author>Xu Zhao</author><author>Xiaogang Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[As a high heat flux linear plasma device designed for studying divertor materials in future fusion reactors, HIT-PSI(Plasma Surface Interaction device at Harbin Institute of Technology) has been successfully constructed and has maintained stable operation since its completion. The characteristics of He plasma beams in HIT-PSI are investigated by emission spectroscopy and an infrared camera, with preliminary irradiation experiments conducted by bombarding tungsten with the beam. For relatively conservative discharge parameters, HIT-PSI achieved a steady-state heat flux capacity of ∼40 MW/m2 using infrared measurements, with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the heat flux beam reaching 4 mm. These characteristics make HIT-PSI an advanced platform for testing divertor materials and plasma-facing components, providing essential experimental supports for research and development of high-performance divertor materials.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1422411</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1422411</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Stability optimization of energetic particle driven modes in nuclear fusion devices: the FAR3d gyro-fluid code]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-09-16T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>J. Varela</author><author>D. Spong</author><author>L. Garcia</author><author>Y. Ghai</author><author>J. Ortiz</author><author>FAR3d project collaborators </author><author>P. Adulsiriswad</author><author>N. Aiba</author><author>E. Ascasíbar</author><author>A. Azegami</author><author>A. Bader</author><author>M. Baruzzo</author><author>H. Betar</author><author>B. Breizman</author><author>J. Breslau</author><author>A. Cappa</author><author>W. A. Cooper</author><author>D. del-Castillo-Negrete</author><author>A. Di Siena</author><author>X. Du</author><author>L. G. Eliseev</author><author>J. Garcia</author><author>J. M. García-Regaña</author><author>N. Gorelenkov</author><author>L. Herrera</author><author>C. Hidalgo</author><author>J. Huang</author><author>M. Honda</author><author>I. Holod</author><author>K. Ida</author><author>M. Idouakass</author><author>F. Jenko</author><author>C. Jiale</author><author>Y. Kamada</author><author>Y. Kazakov</author><author>S. Kobayashi</author><author>U. Losada</author><author>S. Mazzi</author><author>A. Melnikov</author><author>B. Ph. Van Milligen</author><author>D. Monseev</author><author>M. Murakami</author><author>K. Nagaoka</author><author>K. Nagasaki</author><author>M. Ochando</author><author>J. Ongena</author><author>K. Ogawa</author><author>S. Ohdachi</author><author>M. Osakabe</author><author>D. C. Pace</author><author>F. Papousek</author><author>F. Poli</author><author>M. Podesta</author><author>P. Pons-Villalonga</author><author>M. Poradzinski</author><author>J. M. Reynolds-Barredo</author><author>R. Sanchez</author><author>R. Seki</author><author>S. Sharapov</author><author>K. Shinohara</author><author>J. Shiraishi</author><author>Z. Stancar</author><author>Y. Sun</author><author>Y. Suzuki</author><author>K. Tanaka</author><author>S. Taimourzadeh</author><author>Y. Takemura</author><author>Y. Todo</author><author>T. Tokuzawa</author><author>V. Tribaldos</author><author>M. A. Van Zeeland</author><author>F. L. Waelbroeck</author><author>X. H. Wang</author><author>K. Y. Watanabe</author><author>A. Wingen</author><author>S. Yamamoto</author><author>M. Yoshinuma</author><author>H. Yang</author><author>D. Zarzoso</author><author>Y. Zou</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The development of reduced models provide efficient methods that can be used to perform short term experimental data analysis or narrow down the parametric range of more sophisticated numerical approaches. Reduced models are derived by simplifying the physics description with the goal of retaining only the essential ingredients required to reproduce the phenomena under study. This is the role of the gyro-fluid code FAR3d, dedicated to analyze the linear and nonlinear stability of Alfvén Eigenmodes (AE), Energetic Particle Modes (EPM) and magnetic-hydrodynamic modes as pressure gradient driven mode (PGDM) and current driven modes (CDM) in nuclear fusion devices. Such analysis is valuable for improving the plasma heating efficiency and confinement; this can enhance the overall device performance. The present review is dedicated to a description of the most important contributions of the FAR3d code in the field of energetic particles (EP) and AE/EPM stability. FAR3d is used to model and characterize the AE/EPM activity measured in fusion devices as LHD, JET, DIII-D, EAST, TJ-II and Heliotron J. In addition, the computational efficiency of FAR3d facilitates performing massive parametric studies leading to the identification of optimization trends with respect to the AE/EPM stability. This can aid in identifying operational regimes where AE/EPM activity is avoided or minimized. This technique is applied to the analysis of optimized configurations with respect to the thermal plasma parameters, magnetic field configuration, external actuators and the effect of multiple EP populations. In addition, the AE/EPM saturation phase is analyzed, taking into account both steady-state phases and bursting activity observed in LHD and DIII-D devices. The nonlinear calculations provide: the induced EP transport, the generation of zonal structures as well as the energy transfer towards the thermal plasma and between different toroidal/helical families. Finally, FAR3d is used to forecast the AE/EPM stability in operational scenarios of future devices as ITER, CFETR, JT60SA and CFQS as well as possible approaches to optimization with respect to variations in the most important plasma parameters.]]></description>
      </item>
      </channel>
    </rss>