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        <title>Frontiers in Physics | Interdisciplinary Physics section | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physics/sections/interdisciplinary-physics</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Interdisciplinary Physics section in the Frontiers in Physics journal | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-04-27T04:45:28.133+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1808725</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1808725</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Commentary: Astrophysical constraints on the simulation hypothesis for this Universe: why it is (nearly) impossible that we live in a simulation]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-21T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>General Commentary</category>
        <author>Eliott Edge</author><author>Chad Ashton Brown</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1667538</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1667538</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The Hofstadter butterfly: bridging condensed matter, topology, and number theory]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Indubala I. Satija</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Celebrating its golden jubilee, the Hofstadter butterfly fractal is a remarkable fusion of art and science. This iconic “X”-shaped fractal captivates physicists, mathematicians, and enthusiasts alike by elegantly illustrating the energy spectrum of electrons within a two-dimensional crystal lattice influenced by a magnetic field. Enriched with integers of topological origin that serve as quanta of Hall conductivity, this fractal and its variations have become paradigm models for topological insulators, which are novel states of matter in twenty-first-century physics. This article delves into the theoretical framework underlying butterfly fractality through the lenses of geometry and number theory. Within this poetic form of mathematics, we witness a rare form of quantum magic: the appearance of abstract fractals in the construction of the butterfly graph itself. In its simplest form, the butterfly graph tessellates a two-dimensional plane with trapezoids and triangles, where the quanta of Hall conductivity are embedded in the integer-sloped diagonals of the trapezoids. The theoretical framework is succinctly expressed through unimodular matrices with integer coefficients, bringing to life abstract constructs such as the Farey tree, the Apollonian gaskets, and the Pythagorean triple tree.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1670851</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1670851</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Study on scale effect of ship on flow field and near-field wave generation]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yu-Hong Chen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Ship resistance is one of the most important factors for ship design. Due to the inability to satisfy full similarity conditions, the scale effect between model and full-scale ships has garnered significant attention and become a major focus of the ITTC. Traditionally, studies on scale effects have often focused on resistance, while little research can be found about its underlying flow mechanisms and influence on near-field wave generation. Therefore, this paper investigates the flow characteristics around the KCS hull of different scales (scale ratios α = 1.0, 4.0, 31.6, 60.0) under Fr similarity conditions by CFD method using STAR CCM+. The near-field wave generation is analyzed in detail, with a focus on wave profiles around the hull, free surface wave elevation and wave cut, wake flow field, and the distribution of the pressure field. The study reveals the differences in near-field flow characteristics caused by scale-induced Re non-similarity and their impact on near-field wave generation. This research helps to further elucidate the influence of scale effects on the flow field, thus offering valuable insights for improving the accuracy of full-scale ship resistance predictions, leading to a reduction in full-scale resistance prediction error by up to 17.56% compared to traditional ITTC model-scale extrapolation methods (e.g., the Prohaska-based approach).]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1834152</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1834152</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Mathematical physics methods and advanced materials in Frontier applications for underground engineering]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-09T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Yiying Feng</author><author>Jiangyu Wu</author><author>Weiqiang Chen</author><author>Yiming Wang</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1782845</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1782845</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Hyper-S2IR: a model for characterizing higher-order interactions and dynamics in public opinion dissemination]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Chunying Zhang</author><author>Xiangyu Li</author><author>Lu Liu</author><author>Jing Ren</author><author>Jiang Ma</author><author>Liyan Zhang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Traditional public opinion diffusion models generally assume interactions between individuals as binary pair-wise effects, which struggle to capture the higher-order complexities of multi-group interactions in social networks—such as group discussions in WeChat and topic reposting on Weibo. Moreover, these models fail to adequately depict the nonlinear trust accumulation mechanisms and individual heterogeneity inherent in the diffusion process. Therefore, the paper proposes a hypergraph-based Hyper-S2IR model for disseminating public opinion. The “Goebbels effect” is operationalized by leveraging the hypergraph structure: a susceptible node’s risk of infection is proportional to its hyperdegree, mathematically representing the cumulative exposure to information from multiple sources within different hyperedges. Our model introduces two types of communicators (HI1 and HI2) with different motivations and capabilities, thereby systematically depicting the inherent heterogeneity of the communication group. Through theoretical derivation, we derive a novel basic reproduction number R0 that explicitly incorporates the hyperdegree distribution of the hypergraph. This R0 provides a threshold for dissemination dynamics: When R0 > 1, the public opinion will continue to spread and converge to a stable public opinion prevalence equilibrium point; when R0 < 1, the public opinion will gradually disappear. Critically, the expression for R0 reveals how higher-order group interactions, encoded in the hyperdegree, fundamentally alter the spreading threshold compared to traditional pairwise networks. Numerical simulations verify the theoretical conclusions and demonstrate that the hypergraph structure significantly accelerates the spread and expands the scale of public opinion compared to traditional network structures. This work provides theoretical support and a quantitative basis for analyzing public opinion dissemination mechanisms and formulating intervention strategies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1760244</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1760244</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Loophole-free Bell inequality violation experiments verifying the realism and locality principles]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-18T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Stephane Le Corre</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The aim of this study is to produce a simulation of EPR experiments violating the CHSH-Bell inequalities using physically interpretable objects (properties defined before measurement) and interactions (no supraliminal communication), without influence from any theory. It turns out that the proposed model systematically violates the CHSH-Bell inequalities reaching all the values (2≤S≤4). Our simulation reproduces experimental entanglements with greater efficiency. This approach has at least two consequences. First, it demonstrates that violations of the CHSH-Bell inequalities are possible while still verifying the principles of realism and locality, but in a different sense from that of Bell’s theorem. Therefore, Bell’s theorem itself is not called into question, nor are the results of the EPR experiments. However, it is the deduction that leads to the current interpretation (often described as strange because it does not follow one of the principles of realism and locality as defined by Bell’s theorem) that is challenged. Second, it challenges real-world EPR experiments to exceed the efficiency rates of our simulation. Our idealization demonstrates that, between the efficiency rates required to confirm the violation of Bell’s inequalities and the efficiency rates of our idealization, the interpretation of experiments remains possible within a framework of “classical” physical principles (properties defined before measurement and no supraliminal communication). Confirming the strangeness of quantum mechanics would therefore require obtaining efficiency rates higher than those of Bell’s theorem.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1715825</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1715825</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Qualia from quantum magic: a quantum resource approach to phenomenal consciousness]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Gandhimohan M. Viswanathan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Qualia—the first-person qualities of subjective experiences that constitute the “what it is like” of phenomenal consciousness—have thus far resisted physical explanation. Here we hypothesize that qualia are generated in the brain during the quantum computational resolution of difficult inverse problems when non-Clifford magic states are consumed above a threshold rate. Magic states are a well-known quantum resource necessary for universal quantum computation—a form of computational fuel. Inverse problems in cognition, such as reconstructing the state of the environment or internal states from incomplete or noisy sensory and interoceptive data, are typically ill-posed and computationally costly. A prototypical inverse problem is determining the actual 3D shape of an object from a blurry 2D retinal image. The Qualia-from-Quantum-Magic Hypothesis reframes classic philosophical thought experiments (e.g., zombies and inverted qualia), predicts when and where qualia should arise, and offers a natural explanation for their absence in simple systems such as thermostats and in many complex systems such as the Internet. In the brain, it predicts consciousness-related activity to be prominent in the posterior sensory cortices, because vision and hearing pose some of the most challenging inverse problems that are vital to an animal’s survival. In light of this prediction, we conclude by discussing recent empirical findings of the Cogitate Consortium.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1699796</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1699796</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Fractal rep-tiles of the plane via reflections and integer matrices]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Mohammad Sajid</author><author>Akhlaq Husain</author><author>Pramod Kumar</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The fractal rep-tiles of the Euclidean plane considered in this article are examples of rep-tiles (tilings) with fractal boundaries. Several new examples of fractal rep-tiles are constructed using reflection transformations and integer matrices. A new class of foldable fractal rep-tiles based on general reflection mappings is introduced, and it is shown that these rep-tiles tile the plane using similitudes, including reflections, if the iterated function system (IFS) satisfies lattice tiling conditions. We prove the existence of foldable fractal 2-rep and 4-rep tiles that exhibit novel properties (chirality and aperiodicity) caused by reflection mappings. Fractal variations of foldable rep-tiles are also constructed. The fractal rep-tiles and the foldable rep-tiles presented here are in one-to-one correspondence with finite reflection groups, and this novel class of foldable rep-tiles can be lifted to construct new classes of fractal rep-tiles with roots in classical reflection groups. The images of rep-tiles are rendered using the random iteration algorithm, which is one of the popular iterative methods to generate self-similar fractals and tilings.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1771842</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1771842</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Solving damped elastic inclusions with history-dependent operators and nonconvex-valued perturbations]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Hasanen A. Hammad</author><author>Doha A. Kattan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In this article, we investigate damped elastic inclusion systems characterized by nonconvex-valued perturbations, the summation of dual multivalued mappings, and history-dependent operators. By extending standard convex frameworks, these perturbations facilitate the modeling of discontinuous and complex dynamics often found in real-world systems. Our primary contribution is the derivation of a novel existence theorem for mild solutions under suitable conditions. Lastly, the proposed theoretical results are validated through a detailed examination of elastic feedback control systems as an application.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1819072</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1819072</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Retraction: A time fractional second-grade magnetohydrodynamic dusty fluid flow model with variable conditions: application of Fick’s and Fourier’s laws]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Retraction</category>
        
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1819068</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1819068</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Retraction: A numerical analysis of the transport of modified hybrid nanofluids containing various nanoparticles with mixed convection applications in a vertical cylinder]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Retraction</category>
        
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1753194</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1753194</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Visualization of thermal interference effects in energy piles using transparent soil]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Renrong Li</author><author>Yancheng Liu</author><author>Yang Zhou</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Thermal interference between adjacent energy piles in group configurations can significantly reduce system efficiency. Conventional temperature monitoring methods rely on discrete sensors, which fail to capture the continuous spatial evolution of soil temperature fields. This study developed a non-contact visualization method for temperature fields based on transparent soil and digital image processing technology to investigate the thermal interference effects surrounding energy piles. The transparent soil was composed of fused quartz sand and a refractive index-matched pore fluid (mineral oil and dodecane at a mass ratio of 4:1). By calibrating the functional relationship between normalized pixel intensity and temperature, non-contact measurement of the soil temperature field was achieved. The temperature distributions under single pile and double pile conditions with different pile spacings (2–6 times pile diameter D) were investigated, and a thermal interference coefficient was introduced to quantify the thermal interaction between piles. The results indicate that when the pile spacing is within 4D, variations in spacing have a significant impact on the thermal interference effect. When the spacing increases to 6D, the thermal interference coefficient decreases to 2.5%. The proposed visualization technique successfully reveals the spatial pattern of thermal interference and provides quantitative references for energy pile group design. Limitations regarding scale effects, thermal property mismatch, cyclic loading, 3D heat transfer, calibration uncertainty, and groundwater advection are discussed to guide future research.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1742403</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1742403</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Machine learning and digital images of porous materials: from rock to the human brain]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ali Sahimi</author><author>Muhammad Sahimi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Porous media and materials are ubiquitous and found everywhere. Some of them are referred to as rock-like porous media (RLPM), which include soil, concrete, asphalt, and oil and gas reservoirs. A second group consists of biological porous materials (BPMs), ranging from skin to organs such as the brain and lungs. The use of digital images of BPMs for the diagnosis and treatment of illnesses has a relatively long history, whereas their utilization in modeling various phenomena in RLPM is relatively recent. Due to the complexity of such images, along with the need to extract as much information from them as possible, the use of machine-learning (ML) approaches—in particular, neural networks (NNs)—has been increasing at a rapid pace. We describe and discuss recent progress in the applications of ML algorithms, particularly NNs, for the characterization of such images for the two classes of porous media and materials and show that, while they may seem vastly different, they actually have many similarities, and similar issues must be addressed when using and analyzing the images. As a result, the application of ML algorithms to both types of porous materials is largely similar, even though the goals may be very different.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1704074</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1704074</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A highly compact two-port UWB MIMO antenna with enhanced performance and low mutual coupling for IoT applications]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Asad Ullah</author><author>Owais Khan</author><author>Adnan Iftikhar</author><author>Shahid Khan</author><author>Mariana Dalarsson</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology has emerged as a promising solution for applications in indoor positioning systems, medical instrumentation, and Internet of Things (IoT) environments, owing to its extremely low power consumption, good temporal resolution, and intrinsic resilience to multipath propagation and signal attenuation. In this work, a compact two-port, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system with an extensive band response and low mutual coupling characteristic for ultra-wideband (UWB) application is proposed. The design simplicity, unique decoupling structure, high performance, and low mutual coupling throughout the operating band make the proposed design novel. The design has a size of 35 × 46 mm2 with 0.17 × 0.23 λ2 electrical length, making it highly compact for the desired wireless applications. The design consists of a partial ground, two radiating elements, and a decoupling structure. Multiple slots in the radiating elements and partial ground with rounded corners have helped to generate a very wide band response with good impedance matching, which covers UWB and additional bands for numerous wireless applications. The simulated and fabricated prototype has achieved 172% (1.5–20 GHz) fractional bandwidth. The decoupling structure has highly improved port isolation throughout the operating band, with a minimum of 25 dB isolation. The proposed MIMO design has demonstrated good performance in terms of simulated and measured gain throughout the operating band, with a peak gain of 4.69 dBi at 13 GHz. The proposed design demonstrates stable MIMO performance, as evidenced by low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), high diversity gain (DG), and acceptable channel capacity loss (CCL). Given its ultra-wide operational bandwidth and robust MIMO characteristics, the antenna system is well-suited for a broad range of medical and advanced wireless communication applications.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1765091</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1765091</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Designing particle physics experiments with artificial intelligence]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Alessio Figalli</author><author>Shah Rukh Qasim</author><author>Patrick Owen</author><author>Nicola Serra</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The design of modern particle physics detectors can become a strong benchmark for contemporary machine-learning techniques. It offers a realistic large-scale optimization task grounded in well-understood physics and reliable simulations, providing a controlled setting to test methods aimed at complex real-world problems; the proposed Future Circular Collider is a prominent example of the scale and ambition involved. This review introduces the detector-optimization problem and discusses the growing interest in applying AI methods to detector design, providing a comparative perspective on various methodologies. We show how a specific version of the detector-optimization problem can, and has been, tackled with Bayesian optimization and gradient-based methods, while reinforcement learning addresses a more general formulation that includes sequential and combinatorial structure. The substantial computational burden of Monte Carlo simulation remains a central obstacle, for which we outline how generative machine-learning approaches offer effective mitigation. We also discuss how uncertainty, arising from stochastic detector response, systematic shifts in physics modelling and reconstruction, and long-term operating conditions, can be incorporated into the design process. In particular, we discuss how distributional and distributionally robust reinforcement learning, together with optimal-transport–based ambiguity sets, provides a principled way to capture plausible deviations from nominal assumptions and to search for designs that maintain reliable performance across varied scenarios.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1777840</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1777840</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Understanding emerging properties through multi-scaling nature in the financial market]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Changhee Cho</author><author>DongBeen Kim</author><author>Jae Sung Kim</author><author>Seung Hoon Noh</author><author>Jae Woo Lee</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Multifractality in financial time series has been extensively reported as a potential signature of complex market dynamics, with implications for risk management, market efficiency, and extreme event prediction. Empirical studies suggest that asset returns and volatility exhibit multiscale behavior across time horizons. However, the existence and interpretation of multifractality remain controversial. While it is often attributed to nonlinear correlations and long-range memory, evidence shows that multifractal features may persist after random shuffling, highlighting the role of heavy-tailed return distributions. In addition, multifractal analysis is highly sensitive to methodological choices, and the limited length of financial time series raises concerns about statistical reliability and finite-scale effects. This mini review critically examines multifractality in financial markets by summarizing both supporting evidence and major criticisms. We review commonly used analytical approaches, including multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis, fluctuation-based methods, and partition function techniques, emphasizing their limitations and potential biases. Recent empirical studies questioning the universality of multifractality are discussed, with particular attention to market microstructure and aggregation effects. Finally, we outline open issues and future research directions, stressing the need for robust statistical validation, surrogate data analysis, and stronger links between empirical findings and microstructural or agent-based modeling frameworks.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1686006</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1686006</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The signal strategy in low-carbon supply chains]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Shanshan Xie</author><author>Jiamuyan Xie</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThis research examines a low-carbon supply chain involving a vertically integrated manufacturer with private market demand information and a retailer that sources low-carbon products. The two parties engage in quantity competition.MethodsWe establish a dynamic signaling game model to analyze how the manufacturer can use its output and carbon emission reduction level signaling demand information to the retailer under asymmetric conditions.ResultsOur findings indicate that (1) the manufacturer must always distort its quantities and carbon emission reduction levels downward to signal low demand; (2) the inference effect worsens the situation of the manufacturer and the retailer; (3) manufacturer’s signaling strategies are influenced by several factors, such as market demand volatility, the prior probability of market demand, its capacity for reducing emission, and consumers preferences for low-carbon products.DiscussionThe novelty of this research lies in incorporating demand information asymmetry into the manufacturer’s output and carbon emission reduction strategies, providing valuable insights for low-carbon supply chains to coordinate the most appropriate signaling strategies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1753507</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1753507</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Quasi-normal modes, non-selfadjoint operators and pseudospectrum: an interdisciplinary approach]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Piotr Bizoń</author><author>Edgar Gasperín</author><author>José Luis Jaramillo</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1757118</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1757118</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Impact of structural and material parameters on sensitivity of engineered N-pocket DGTFET biosensors]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Pallabi Pahari</author><author>Naglaa AbdelAll</author><author>Sushanta Kumar Mohapatra</author><author>Jitendra Kumar Das</author><author>Ghada A. Khouqeer</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Biosensors play a crucial role in medical, agricultural, food, and environmental monitoring, where high sensitivity and label-free detection are essential. Conventional FET-based biosensors exhibit limitations including elevated subthreshold slope, leakage current, and inadequate detection of neutral biomolecules. Tunnel FETs (TFETs) utilise a band-to-band tunnelling mechanism, providing steep switching characteristics and low-power operation; however, their practical application is constrained by low ON-current and ambipolar conduction issues. This study proposes and analyses a material developed double-gate TFET featuring an N-pocket and AlGaAs-based heterostructure, utilising Silvaco ATLAS simulations to enhance biosensing capabilities. The device incorporates GaSb–AlGaAs–GaAs heterostructures, dual-gate control, bilayer dielectrics, and optimised doping profiles to enhance tunnelling efficiency and sensitivity. The results indicate that the proposed design attains a subthreshold swing of 9.2 mV/dec, an Ion/Ioff ratio of 4 × 1013, and a reduced threshold voltage of 0.32 V, surpassing traditional silicon-based and non-pocket devices. Sensitivity analysis indicates a notable improvement with rising dielectric constant, molar fraction and positive biomolecule conditions, whereas negative biomolecules diminish sensitivity as anticipated due to repulsive interactions. The N-pocket DGTFET exhibits stable and reproducible sensitivity relative to conventional and pocket-less devices, with a doping dimension of 3 nm × 10 nm providing an optimal balance between sensitivity and stability. The device demonstrates a significant enhancement in selectivity, achieving sensitivity values of up to 1.20 × 105, which exceeds the performance of previously reported TFET biosensors by multiple orders of magnitude. The findings demonstrate that the modified DGTFET serves as a reliable, energy-efficient, and highly sensitive platform for label-free biomolecule detection.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1732657</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1732657</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Tapered dielectric quad-cavity MOSHEMT: a double-gate design for enhanced biosensing]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ananya Dastidar</author><author>Naglaa AbdelAll</author><author>Tapas Kumar Patra</author><author>S. K. Mohapatra</author><author>K. P. Pradhan</author><author>Ghada A. Khouqeer</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Rapid and accurate biomolecule detection is vital for next-generation diagnostic and sensing technologies. Reliable biosensing has driven innovations in transistor-based detection platforms. In this work, a quad-cavity double-gate tapered dielectric metal oxide-semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (MOSHEMT) is investigated using technology computer-assisted design (TCAD) simulations for biosensing applications. The proposed structure leverages dielectric modulation and taper cavity geometry to improve electrostatic control and charge sensitivity. Comparative analysis with conventional architectures, including single-gate single-cavity, single-gate dual-cavity, and double-gate non-tapered quad-cavity MOSHEMTs, demonstrates improvements of 54%, 25%, and 84% in drain current sensitivity, respectively. Parametric variation of the taper angle reveals that 60° provides optimal sensitivity due to the enlarged effective surface area for biomolecule binding. Moreover, the device maintains reliable detection capability for biomolecule fill factors as low as 15%, indicating its suitability for low-concentration biosensing environments.]]></description>
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