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        <title>Frontiers in Physics | Space Physics section | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physics/sections/space-physics</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Space Physics section in the Frontiers in Physics journal | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-04-03T18:50:45.762+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1768466</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2026.1768466</link>
        <title><![CDATA[An information-theory examination of the “upstream-turbulence effect” in solar-wind/magnetosphere coupling]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Simon Wing</author><author>Joseph E. Borovsky</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionCorrelations between upstream solar-wind turbulence—measured by the amplitude of magnetic-field fluctuations (ΔB/B)—and increases in geomagnetic activity have been reported by many research groups. However, questions remain as to whether this relationship reflects a true cause-and-effect interaction. This study investigates whether solar-wind turbulence exerts a causal influence on the magnetosphere.MethodsTransfer entropy (TE) was used as a quantitative measure of causality to evaluate information transfer from ΔB/B to geomagnetic indices AE and Dst. The magnitude and lag time (τ) of information transfer were compared with those derived from solar wind velocity (Vsw) and from reconnection-driven Rquick and Newell solar wind coupling functions.ResultsThe analysis shows that ΔB/B exerts a real but weak causal influence on the magnetosphere, operating over relatively long time scales. Information transfer from ΔB/B to AE and Dst is approximately an order of magnitude smaller and peaks at larger lag times than transfers from Rquick and Newell solar wind coupling functions. In contrast, the lag times for information transfer from ΔB/B and Vsw to AE and Dst are comparable. The information transfer from ΔB/B to AE is approximately 45% of that from Vsw, while the transfer from ΔB/B to Dst is about an order of magnitude smaller than that from Vsw.DiscussionThe similarity in response times between ΔB/B and Vsw suggests that turbulence interacts with the magnetosphere primarily through viscous-like processes rather than reconnection-driven mechanisms. Although both ΔB/B and Vsw influence the magnetosphere through viscous interactions, ΔB/B exhibits lower geoeffectiveness. These findings indicate that solar wind turbulence affects different magnetospheric regions and phenomena to varying degrees and confirm that its influence, while real, is relatively weak.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1715300</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1715300</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Model calculation of charged galactic cosmic ray radiation dose during a flight to Mars]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Dan Lyu</author><author>Gang Qin</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The radiation exposure from galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) presents a significant challenge for human spaceflight to Mars. In this study, we employ our previously published GCR radiation dose calculation model to estimate the GCR radiation dose rates during a Mars mission from the Earth. Using this model, we calculate the absorbed dose rates of GCRs during the flight to Mars and compare our results with observational data from the Mars Science Laboratory Radiation Assessment Detector (MSL-RAD) and computational results from the Badhwar-O’Neill (BON) GCR model. First, we compute the energy spectrum of GCRs during the Earth-to-Mars transit using the GCR modulation model. Then, using the fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients (FDCCs) from ICRP 123, the absorbed dose rates of 15 human organs/tissues during the Earth-to-Mars transit are calculated to represent the general absorbed dose rate of the body (in water). Furthermore, considering the contributions of different elements and the underestimation of the model in 2012, we calculate the total absorbed dose rates of charged GCRs in silicon during the flight. Our results generally align with the BON11 model (excluding pions) and are consistently ∼20% lower than the central value of the MSL-RAD/B observational data within expected uncertainties. This work may provide help for the future mission with radiation protection.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1569385</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1569385</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Overview of the system-level anti-jamming capability and developmental challenges of low-earth-orbit signal-of-opportunity]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-10-09T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Lihao Yao</author><author>Bin Fan</author><author>Honglei Qin</author><author>Deyong Xian</author><author>Mengli Wang</author><author>Boyun Gu</author><author>Sumin Chen</author><author>Changhong Wang</author><author>Xuyu Wang</author><author>Jiemin Shen</author><author>Dongfang Jiang</author><author>Heng Wei</author><author>Haoyuan Yu</author><author>Bingjie Liu</author><author>Shuai Shao</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Signal-of-Opportunity (SOP) navigation based on Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations has increasingly become a research hotspot. Due to the large number of LEO satellites, wide spectrum coverage, and strong signal power, LEO satellite Signal-of-Opportunity (LEO-SOP) inherently possess strong anti-jamming capabilities. However, there has been limited in-depth research on the overall system-level anti-jamming capability of LEO-SOP. This paper reviews the current state of research on LEO-SOP and anti-jamming technologies, introduces the principles of LEO-SOP Doppler-based positioning and receiver operation, and analyzes the system-level anti-jamming capability of LEO-SOP. Additionally, it explores the key challenges in the development of LEO-SOP anti-jamming technologies and discusses future research directions. This study aims to provide insights into the development prospects of LEO-SOP anti-jamming technologies, promote further research and development efforts, and establish a solid technical foundation for the secure application of LEO-SOP. Ultimately, ensuring the integrity and resilience of LEO-SOP systems against complex threats.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1658092</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1658092</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Variability in the solar wind and its impact on the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere system]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-07-22T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Yi Wang</author><author>Boyi Wang</author><author>Andrey Samsonov</author><author>Nithin Sivadas</author><author>Yulia Bogdanova</author><author>Guram Kervalishvili</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1612159</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1612159</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Corrigendum: A research on low-earth-orbit signal-of-opportunity interference suppression algorithm based on adaptive signal iterative subspace projection technique]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-07-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Correction</category>
        <author>Lihao Yao</author><author>Bin Fan</author><author>Honglei Qin</author><author>Deyong Xian</author><author>Boyun Gu</author><author>Hai Sha</author><author>Gangqiang Guan</author><author>Zhijun Liu</author><author>Donghan He</author><author>Liwei Zhang</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1653131</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1653131</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Correction: Survey on positioning technology based on signal of opportunity from low earth orbit]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-07-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Correction</category>
        <author>Jiawei He</author><author>Shaojie Ni</author><author>Honglei Lin</author><author>Zhe Liu</author><author>Zhibin Xiao</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1567301</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1567301</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A survey of GNSS receiver autonomous integrity monitoring: Research status and opportunities]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-06-25T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Zhen Huang</author><author>Weihua Mou</author><author>Rui Wang</author><author>Pengpeng Li</author><author>Zhicheng Lyu</author><author>Gang Ou</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Integrity monitoring is crucial in applications closely related to the safety of human life and property, such as aviation, maritime navigation, autonomous driving, and rail transportation. Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) has attracted significant attention due to its comprehensive monitoring coverage and fast alerting capability. The paper provides a comprehensive review of RAIM algorithms for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning applications. The parameters related to integrity assessment and typical fault detection and exclusion methods are reviewed, and RAIM is categorized into three types of methods: error probability distribution model-based, set representation-based, and machine learning-based. The latest state-of-the-art research, along with the strengths and shortcomings of each type of method, is presented for each type. The opportunities for the future development of RAIM are analyzed in the light of current challenges and existing results, aiming to promote further research and provide effective assurance for GNSS integrity.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1592447</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1592447</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Survey on positioning technology based on signal of opportunity from low earth orbit]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-05-20T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Jiawei He</author><author>Shaojie Ni</author><author>Honglei Lin</author><author>Zhe Liu</author><author>Zhibin Xiao</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services are essential for supporting various aspects of modern society. Fields such as communications, transportation, and military operations heavily rely on accurate and reliable PNT services, with this dependence expected to grow. However, the limitations of the predominant Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in complex environments have become increasingly apparent. As an effective supplementary approach, space-based signals of opportunity (SOPs) from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) have garnered significant attention. This paper begins by introducing the principle of Doppler location and analyzing its error sources. It then discusses in detail the methods of observation extraction, including cognitive-based and blind-based methods. Focusing on major domestic and international LEO constellations (such as Iridium, Orbcomm, Globalstar, Starlink, OneWeb, etc.), this paper summarizes their signal characteristics and the current status of positioning research, and discusses the latest advancements in observable estimation algorithms. Finally, the paper proposes key research directions for the future, including breakthroughs in satellite recognition technology, optimization of positioning algorithms, development of multi-source fusion positioning technology, and observation extraction in complex environments.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1569257</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1569257</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Impact of small- and meso-scale electromagnetic field variability on the high-latitude energy input]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-04-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jinlong Ji</author><author>Yanshi Huang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In this study, the high-resolution data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites are used to investigate the contribution and impact of small- and meso-scale electromagnetic field variability with different scales on the estimation of Joule heating and Poynting flux. Smoothing windows with various sizes, such as 5°, 2.5°, 1° magnetic latitude, are used to analyze the characteristics of electromagnetic field variability during the March 2015 geomagnetic storm event. The results show that the small- and meso-scale filed variability can either increase or decrease the estimation of the total Joule heating and Poynting flux during the storm main phase by more than 100% with a smoothing window size of 5° latitude. During the whole period of this storm event, the electric field variability with scales smaller than 5° latitude accounts for 47% of the total electric field on average, whereas the magnetic field variability with scales smaller than 5° latitude only takes 10% of the total magnetic field. Moreover, the mean magnitude changes of Joule heating and Poynting flux due to small- and meso-scale electromagnetic field variability are 58% and 52%, respectively. The impact of small- and meso-scale field variabilities on the energy estimation decreases when smaller smoothing windows are applied, for example, with a size of 0.1° latitude window, the mean magnitude changes of Joule heating and Poynting flux are 20% and 17%, respectively. This demonstrates that finer grids can capture more contribution of small- and meso-scale variabilities in the calculation of Joule heating and Poynting flux. It is very important to use high-resolution grids to calculate the total energy input at high latitudes during storm events. These results will help improve the estimation of high-latitude energy input in the general circulation models, thereby more accurately predict the changes in upper atmospheric parameters.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1547350</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1547350</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Prediction of thermospheric temperature over the South Pole based on two-layer LSTM network]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-04-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Hao Yang</author><author>Yanshi Huang</author><author>Pingbing Zuo</author><author>Kun Zhang</author><author>Mengqi Shao</author><author>Huan Shi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study presents a new two-layer LSTM network-based model, which improves the accuracy of thermospheric temperature over the South Pole simulated by MSIS2.0 model. A dataset is constructed using temperature data measured by the South Pole FPI from 2000 to 2011 along with corresponding temperature derived from MSIS2.0 model, F10.7 and Ap indices, which are the input parameters of the first LSTM network layer. The first LSTM layer combines these inputs into a one-dimensional time series, while the second LSTM layer extracts temporal features from the output of the first layer. The proposed LSTM-based model shows better performance in predicting FPI observations compared to the empirical MSIS2.0 model during both geomagnetically quiet and disturbed periods. For the year 2011, the mean absolute error between the MSIS2.0 model and FPI data is 53.460 K, whereas the LSTM model reduces it to 34.024 K. The euclidean distance analysis also demonstrates better performance of the LSTM model. This study illustrates the potential of applying a two-layer LSTM network to optimize model simulations in upper atmosphere research.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1557330</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1557330</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A research on low-earth-orbit signal-of-opportunity interference suppression algorithm based on adaptive signal iterative subspace projection technique]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-04-09T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Lihao Yao</author><author>Bin Fan</author><author>Honglei Qin</author><author>Deyong Xian</author><author>Boyun Gu</author><author>Hai Sha</author><author>Gangqiang Guan</author><author>Zhijun Liu</author><author>Donghan He</author><author>Liwei Zhang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Signal-of-Opportunity (SOP) positioning based on Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) constellations has gradually become a research hotspot. LEO satellite SOP positioning possess strong anti-jamming capabilities due to their large quantity, wide spectral coverage, and high signal power. However, few studies have deeply investigated their anti-jamming performance, particularly regarding the most common interference type faced by ground receivers - Periodic Frequency Modulation (PFM) interference. The downlink signals of LEO satellites differ significantly from those of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) based on Medium-Earth-Orbit (MEO) or Geostationary-Earth-Orbit (GEO) satellites, making traditional interference suppression methods inapplicable. In this paper, we utilize the generalized periodicity of PFM interference signals and the characteristics of LEO constellation signals to propose an Adaptive Signal Iterative Projection and Interference Suppression (ASIPIS) algorithm. This algorithm concentrates the energy of PFM interference, which is dispersed over a wide bandwidth, into a few frequency points, enhancing the concentration of the interference and its separation from the LEO satellite signals. This effectively reduces the overlap between LEO satellite signals and interference. The algorithm then uses subspace projection to map the interference and the desired signal into different subspaces, eliminating the interference components and thus reducing the damage to the desired signal during the interference suppression process. Simulations and experiments demonstrate that compared to conventional methods, ASIPIS effectively eliminates single/multi-component PFM interference, improves suppression performance under narrow-bandwidth/high-power conditions, and overcomes limitations of traditional PFM interference suppression approaches for single-antenna LEO signal reception. The significant performance improvement in LEO anti-jamming scenarios against PFM interference confirms the algorithm's value.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1487136</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1487136</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Overview of development and challenges of attitude determination for rotary wing UAVs based on GNSS]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-02-06T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Yejia Zeng</author><author>Zukun Lu</author><author>Yuchen Xie</author><author>Binbin Ren</author><author>Yi Yu</author><author>Shaojie Ni</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Attitude determination of rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (RUAVs) is crucial for grasping their motion state and is a necessary condition to ensure the correct execution of flight missions. With the continuous development and the constant enhancement of measurement accuracy related to the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), attitude determination based on GNSS have become the mainstream high-precision attitude measurement approach. This paper mainly discusses the relevant theories of using GNSS for RUAV’s attitude determination, and introduces the relevent key aspects that determine attitude accuracy in the attitude resolution process, such as integer ambiguity fixing, attitude solution algorithms, and integrated attitude measurement. It especially elaborates on the challenges that faced to be solved for current RUAVs to use the GNSS system for real-time and guarded attitude measurement.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1533951</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1533951</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Single-epoch power positioning method for multi-beam LEO communication satellites]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-01-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Sibo Gao</author><author>Chunjiang Ma</author><author>Xiaomei Tang</author><author>Feixue Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Low Earth Orbit (LEO) communication satellites offer reduced signal loss, fast movement, multi-beam, typically providing single coverage. This paper introduces a novel multi-beam power positioning method for low-orbit single-satellite, addressing the slow convergence and low accuracy of Doppler positioning. It establishes a power observation equation system, initializes with the nearest neighbor algorithm, and refines with the least squares method. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that with good initial values, the method converges in under 10 iterations, achieving 88.06% availability at 20° elevation with errors of 5,331 m (vertical) and 8,798 m (horizontal), and a timing error of 205 μs. At 70° elevation, all users converge with errors of 1,614 m and 1,088 m, and a timing error of 31.3 μs, demonstrating high power positioning availability. The statistical results show that power positioning users can obtain the positioning accuracy of kilometers and the timing accuracy of microseconds, which meets initial timing needs under strong confrontation, enhancing the medium and high orbit satellite navigation.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1503092</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1503092</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Simultaneous observations of MHD hot flow anomaly and kinetic foreshock bubble and their impacts]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-01-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Xi Lu</author><author>Terry Liu</author><author>Xingran Chen</author><author>Antonius Otto</author><author>Hui Zhang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Hot flow anomalies (HFAs) and foreshock bubbles (FBs) are two types of transient phenomena characterized by flow deflected and hot cores bounded by one or two compressional boundaries in the foreshock. Using conjunction observations by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) mission, we present an MHD HFA with a core filled with magnetosheath material around the bow shock and a typical kinetic FB associated with foreshock ions upstream of the bow shock, occurring simultaneously under the same solar wind/interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. The displacements of the bow shock moving back and forth along the sun-earth line are observed. Electron energy shows enhancements from ∼50 keV in the FB to ∼100 keV in the HFA core, suggesting additional acceleration process across the bow shock within the transient structure. The magnetosheath response of an HFA core-like structure with particle heating and electron acceleration is observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. Ultralow frequency waves in the magnetosphere modulating cold ion energy are identified by THEMIS, driven by these transient structures. Our study improves our understanding of foreshock transients and suggests that single spacecraft observations are insufficient to reveal the whole picture of foreshock transients, leading to an underestimation of their impacts (e.g., particle acceleration energy and spatial scale of disturbances).]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1488935</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1488935</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Regional simulations of equatorial spread F driven with, and an analysis of, WAM-IPE electric fields]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-01-09T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Methods</category>
        <author>Aaron Kirchman</author><author>David Hysell</author><author>Tzu-Wei Fang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[A three-dimensional, regional simulation is used to investigate ionospheric plasma density irregularities associated with Equatorial Spread F. This simulation is first driven with background electric fields derived from ISR observations. Next, the simulation is driven with electric fields taken from the WAM-IPE global model. The discrepancies between the two electric fields, particularly in the evening prereversal enhancement, produce disagreeing simulation results. The WAM-IPE electric fields are then studied through a simple sensitivity analysis of a field-line integrated electrodynamics model similar to the one used in WAM-IPE. This analysis suggests there is no simple tuning of ion composition or neutral winds that accurately reproduce ISR-observed electric fields on a day-to-day basis. Additionally, the persistency of the prereversal enhancement structure over time is studied and compared to measurements from the ICON satellite. These results suggest that WAM-IPE electric fields generally have a shorter and more variable correlation time than those measured by ICON.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1428544</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1428544</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Overview of satellite nav spoofing and anti-spoofing techniques]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-12-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Cheng Lu</author><author>Zukun Lu</author><author>Zhe Liu</author><author>Long Huang</author><author>Feiqiang Chen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In recent years, satellite navigation systems have witnessed widespread adoption across diverse fields, including military surveillance, precision agriculture, traffic monitoring, resource exploration, and disaster assessment. However, navigation signals are susceptible to interference, with deceptive interference posing the most significant threat to navigation systems. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of satellite navigation spoofing and anti-spoofing techniques. It reviews the current state of spoofing and anti-spoofing technologies, analyzing advancements in spoofing techniques and the evolution of countermeasures. Furthermore, the paper elaborates on the impact of spoofing interference on receiver performance, examining its effects on positioning, timing, and velocity estimations. A detailed analysis of various anti-spoofing methods is presented, categorizing them into detection, identification, suppression, and localization techniques. This review aims to provide a thorough understanding of the evolving landscape of satellite navigation spoofing and anti-spoofing technologies, fostering further research and development efforts to ensure the integrity and resilience of satellite navigation systems in the face of sophisticated threats.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1487384</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1487384</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Overview of the development of satellite navigation blanket interference monitoring]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-12-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Yinhui He</author><author>Baiyu Li</author><author>Jinping Chen</author><author>Zhi Wang</author><author>Wei Xiao</author><author>Zukun Lu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Satellite navigation interference monitoring is an important means to effectively evaluate interference and ensure the normal operation of global navigation satellite system (GNSS). Once interference is detected, this monitoring can identify the type of it, perform direction-finding and localization, evaluate its impact on GNSS, and guide the implementation of effective countermeasures. With the continuous progress of interference technology, the power required to cause the same jamming effect to the navigation system is getting smaller and smaller. Traditional radio monitoring system has been unable to meet the needs of the current satellite navigation monitoring in terms of sensitivity and accuracy. It is of great significance to develop and improve the dedicated satellite navigation monitoring system. This paper introduces the basic concept of satellite navigation interference monitoring and the composition of the system, analyzes the key technologies and finally gives an outlook on the development trends in this field.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1425084</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1425084</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Development status and challenges of anti-spoofing technology of GNSS/INS integrated navigation]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-10-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Lei Wang</author><author>Lei Chen</author><author>Baiyu Li</author><author>Zhe Liu</author><author>Zongnan Li</author><author>Zukun Lu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The threat of spoofing interference has posed a severe challenge to the security application of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). It is particularly urgent and critical to carry out in-depth defense research on spoofing interference. When combined with the inertial navigation system (INS), the GNSS/INS integrated navigation system offers distinct advantages in the field of anti-spoofing technology research, which has garnered significant attention in recent years. To summarize the current research achievements of GNSS/INS integrated navigation anti-spoofing technology, it is necessary to provide an overview of the three core technical aspects of spoofing attack principles and implementation strategies, spoofing detection, and spoofing mitigation. First, the principles and implementation strategies of spoofing interference attacks are introduced, and different classifications of spoofing interference attacks are given. Then, the performance characteristics and technical points of different spoofing detection and spoofing mitigation methods are compared and analyzed, and the shortcomings and challenges in the current development of GNSS/INS anti-spoofing technology are pointed out. Finally, based on the summary and shortcomings of the existing technology, a prospect for the future development of GNSS/INS integrated navigation anti-spoofing technology is discussed.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1446646</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1446646</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Study of the characteristics of electron firehose unstable conditions in the terrestrial magnetotail plasma sheet]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-09-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jiayun Wei</author><author>Guoqiang Wang</author><author>Pingbing Zuo</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Electron firehose instabilities can be excited at dipolarization fronts and in the magnetic reconnection outflow in the terrestrial magnetotail, but their occurrence rate in the plasma sheet is unclear. Here, we investigate the characteristics of electron firehose unstable conditions in the magnetotail plasma sheet based on observations of the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. We find an Alfvénic magnetic field fluctuation accompanied by a strong field-aligned current during a flapping motion. This fluctuation occurs where the local plasma is electron firehose unstable, indicating that the electron firehose instability in the plasma sheet can occur in the region besides dipolarization fronts and magnetic reconnection outflow. We statistically find that the local plasma near the neutral sheet has a small probability with the maximum value <1.4% to be electron firehose unstable, which mainly occurs in the central plasma sheet with BXY/BL < 0.3. The maximum probability of Tef > 0 (electron firehose unstable condition) is ∼1.36% (1.32%) at BXY/BL ≈ 0.05 (0.15) during fast (non-fast) flows. During fast flows, the plasma near the neutral sheet tends to have a higher probability of Tef > 0 when the local VT is larger. During non-fast flows, the plasma near the neutral sheet tends to have a higher probability of Tef > 0 when Te is larger. The probability of Tef > 0 shows a dawn-dusk asymmetry during fast flows and non-fast flows. In addition, the probability of Tef > 0 during fast flows tends to be larger when the ambient BZ is weak, which shows opposite characteristics during non-fast flows. These findings help to assess the importance of the role of electron firehose instabilities in the magnetotail plasma sheet.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1439949</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2024.1439949</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Analytical solution of steady reconnection outflows in a time-varying three-dimensional reconnection model with generalized spatiotemporal distributions]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-09-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Y. L. Chen</author><author>Y. Wang</author><author>F. S. Wei</author><author>X. S. Feng</author><author>Z. L. Zhou</author><author>B. Y. Wang</author><author>P. B. Zuo</author><author>C. W. Jiang</author><author>Y. X. Gu</author><author>L. D. Wang</author><author>X. J. Song</author><author>X. J. Xu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental mechanism for energy conversion in the realms of space physics, astrophysics, and plasma physics. Over the past few decades, obtaining analytical solutions for three-dimensional (3D) magnetic reconnection has remained a challenging endeavor. Due to the complexity and nonlinearity of the equations, analytical solutions can only be obtained when specific spatiotemporal distributions of magnetic fields or plasma flows are provided. Particularly, the evolution of reconnection flows in time-dependent 3D reconnection has not been analytically discussed. Additionally, quasi-steady magnetic reconnection persisting for several hours can be observed in the turbulent solar wind, which raises an important question: can steady reconnection flows theoretically exist in a time-dependent 3D magnetic reconnection model? In this study, a generalized analytical model for time-dependent kinematic 3D magnetic reconnection has been constructed. In the framework of pure analytical approach, it is firstly demonstrated that steady reconnection outflows can theoretically exist within a time-varying magnetic field. We have also analytically discussed the possibility of the existence of quasi-steady reconnection flows in 3D magnetic reconnection for turbulent magnetic fields in the solar wind. These findings broaden our understanding of the stability and necessary conditions for time-dependent 3D magnetic reconnection, offering new insights into quasi-steady reconnection phenomena in real cosmic environments.]]></description>
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