AUTHOR=Musolino Anna Maria , Tomà Paolo , De Rose Cristina , Pitaro Eugenio , Boccuzzi Elena , De Santis Rita , Morello Rosa , Supino Maria Chiara , Villani Alberto , Valentini Piero , Buonsenso Danilo 

TITLE=Ten Years of Pediatric Lung Ultrasound: A Narrative Review

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2021

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.721951

DOI=10.3389/fphys.2021.721951

ISSN=1664-042X

ABSTRACT=Lung diseases are the most common conditions in newborn, infants and children and are also the primary causes of death in children younger than 5 years old. 
Traditionally, lung was not thought to be a target for ultrasound due to their inability to penetrate the gas-filled anatomical structures. 
With deepening of knowledge on ultrasound in recent years, it is now known that the affected lung produces ultrasound artifacts resulting from the abnormal tissue/gas/tissue interface when ultrasound sound waves penetrate lung tissue. Over the years, the application of lung ultrasound have changed and its main indications in the pediatric population have expanded. 
This review analyzes the studies on Lung Ultrasound (LUS) in pediatrics, published from 2010 to 2020, with the aim of highlighting the usefulness of pediatric LUS. It also describes the normal and abnormal appearances of the pediatric lung on ultrasound as well as the benefits, limitations and possible future challenges of this modality.