AUTHOR=Mehta Jinit K. , Kaur Ginpreet , Buttar Harpal S. , Bagabir Hala Abubaker , Bagabir Rania Abubaker , Bagabir Sali Abubaker , Haque Shafiul , Tuli Hardeep S. , Telessy Istvan G. 

TITLE=Role of the renin–angiotensin system in the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease and heart failure: Diagnostic biomarkers and therapy with drugs and natural products

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology

VOLUME=Volume 14 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1034170

DOI=10.3389/fphys.2023.1034170

ISSN=1664-042X

ABSTRACT=The renin-angiotensin system plays a pivotal role in blood pressure regulation. In some case this steering mechanism is affected by various deleterious factors (mainly via overactivation of RAS) causing cardiovascular damage, including coronary heart disease (CHD) that can ultimately lead to chronic heart failure (CHF). This not only causes cardiovascular disability and absenteeism from work but also imposes significant health care costs globally. The incidence of cardiovascular diseases has escalated exponentially over the years with the major outcome in the form of CHD, stroke, and CHF. The involvement of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in various diseases has been extensively researched with significant limelight on CHD. RAS may trigger a cascade of events that leads to atherosclerotic mayhem, which causes CHD and related aggravation, by damaging the endothelial lining of blood vessels via various inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. Although there are various diagnostic tests and treatments available in the market, there is a constant need for the development of procedures and therapeutic strategies that increase patient compliance and reduce the associated side effects. This review highlights the advances in the diagnostic and treatment domains for CHD which would help in subjugating the side effects caused by conventional therapy.