AUTHOR=Liu Peng , Yuan Han , Lu YunHang , Gao Zeng 

TITLE=Resistance training modalities: comparative analysis of effects on physical fitness, isokinetic muscle functions, and core muscle biomechanics

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology

VOLUME=Volume 15 - 2024

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2024.1424216

DOI=10.3389/fphys.2024.1424216

ISSN=1664-042X

ABSTRACT=Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of varied resistance training modalities on physical fitness components, body composition, maximal strength assessed by onerepetition maximum (1RM), isokinetic muscle functions of the shoulder and knee joints, and biomechanical properties of core muscles. Methods: Forty participants were randomly assigned to four groups: control group (CG, n=10), compound set training group (CSG, n=10), pyramid set training group (PSG, n=10), and superset training group (SSG, n=10). Excluding the CG, the other three groups underwent an 8-week resistance training program, three sessions per week, at 60-80% of 1RM intensity for 60-90 minutes per session. Assessments included body composition, physical fitness components, 1RM, isokinetic muscle functions, and biomechanical properties (muscle frequency, stiffness, etc.) of the rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles.The PSG demonstrated the most significant improvement in relative peak torque during isokinetic testing of the shoulder and knee joints. Compared to the CG, all exercise groups exhibited positive effects on back strength, sprint performance, 1RM, and core muscle biomechanics. Notably, the PSG showed superior enhancement in external oblique stiffnes s.However, no significant differences were observed among the exercise groups for rectus abdominis biomechanical properties.Discussion: Structured resistance training effectively improved maximal strength, functio na l performance, and core muscle biomechanics. The pyramidal training modality conferred specific benefits for isokinetic muscle functions and external oblique stiffness, suggesting its efficacy in enhancing force production capabilities and core stability.