AUTHOR=Robergs Robert , O’Malley Bridgette , Dewilde Anais , D’Auria Shaun , Krouzecky Ales 

TITLE=V˙O2 linear-onset kinetics spanning steady- and non-steady-state exercise

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1547662

DOI=10.3389/fphys.2025.1547662

ISSN=1664-042X

ABSTRACT=IntroductionThe traditional method for quantifying the kinetics of the increase in the body’s consumption of oxygen (V˙O2) during exercise transitions to steady state involves application of a mono-exponential function. Anomalies exist to question the validity of this method, as they show the initial (∼1 min) of this V˙O2 response is linear.MethodsFourteen highly endurance trained subjects (12 males, 2 females) completed a ramp incremental cycling protocol, as well as 8 different constant load trials at 43 to 148 % of their critical power (CP).ResultsFor the initial five exercise bouts, the linear fit of the initial segment was significantly more accurate (lower standard error of estimates; SE) compared to the mono-exponential fit (p < 0.001). There were two different systematic profiles of the linear onset (LO) V˙O2 slope from different bouts of increasing exercise intensities; 1) a sustained increase (increased kinetics) (n = 7), and 2) a plateau or decrease (impaired kinetics) (n = 7). Both sub-groups were similar in all measures of cardio-respiratory and muscular endurance.DiscussionThe LO V˙O2 kinetics method is superior to the traditional approach as it was a more valid representation of the initial V˙O2 response, can be applied to both steady and non-steady state exercise intensities, requires less than 2 min of exercise, but across multiple bouts, and identifies more complex physiology than the mono-exponential method. Added research is needed to discern the most valid methods to measure LO V˙O2 kinetics, and to learn more about its physiological determinants compared to the traditional mono-exponential method.