AUTHOR=Kaba Ilknur , Engin Çelikel Baha , Adanur Oğuzhan , Yılmaz Coşkun , Yonca Sezer Süreyya , Tan Çetin , Durhan Tebessüm Ayyıldız , Özer Uğur , Ceylan Tülay 

TITLE=Maximizing performance in child footballers: chronotype and time of day study

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1591728

DOI=10.3389/fphys.2025.1591728

ISSN=1664-042X

ABSTRACT=BackgroundA limited number of studies have investigated the effects of circadian rhythm-based running exercise interventions on physical fitness in child athletes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an eight-week morning and evening running program on lower extremity strength, agility and respiratory function in 10–12-year-old male footballers.MethodsParticipants visited the laboratory three times, with one-day intervals before and after the training program. The assessments included maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the FEV1/FVC ratio. Additionally, agility and functional performance tests (FPTs) were conducted for both the dominant and non-dominant legs.ResultsThe findings indicated that morning running was more effective than evening running in enhancing respiratory function. Morning running also showed superior results in lower extremity strength tests, particularly in the single-leg (SL) and triple-leg (THD) crossover hop for distance tests (CHDs) and the 6-m timed-hop test (6 m THT). Furthermore, the agility performance of the morning running group was significantly better than that of the evening and control groups.ConclusionConsequently, morning running interventions had a positive impact on key physical fitness parameters, including respiratory muscle strength, respiratory function, agility, and lower extremity strength in child footballers.