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        <title>Frontiers in Physiology | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Physiology | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-04-08T11:50:41.838+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1738196</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1738196</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Patient-specific hemodynamic simulation for left ventricular assist device via non-invasive monitoring based on lumped parameter model and hierarchical neural network]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jiayi Lyu</author><author>Xiaoyu Liu</author><author>Zhihong Lin</author><author>Baohua Ji</author><author>Qi Gao</author><author>Qiang Shu</author><author>Xiangming Fan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionLeft ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are widely used in advanced heart failure, but require accurate hemodynamic assessment for optimal management. Current invasive methods such as right-heart catheterisation (RHC) are limited in routine use, highlighting the need for non-invasive alternatives.MethodsA non-invasive framework combining a lumped parameter model (LPM) with a hierarchical neural network (CLPM-Net) was developed to estimate patient-specific hemodynamic parameters from echocardiography and blood pressure. Model identifiability analysis was performed to select key parameters. The model was trained on synthetic data and validated with clinical cases.ResultsThe proposed method achieved accurate parameter estimation with errors below 10% (RMSE). Simulated hemodynamic indicators showed strong agreement with ground truth (nMED < 1%). Clinical validation demonstrated close consistency with invasive measurements.DiscussionThis framework enables non-invasive, patient-specific hemodynamic assessment for LVAD management. It shows potential as an alternative to invasive monitoring, though further large-scale clinical validation is required.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1793941</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1793941</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Acute effects of “Munz Floor”® fascial stretching on autonomic nervous responses assessed by heart rate variability]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Laurent Schmitt</author><author>Alexandre Munz</author><author>Catherine Schmitt</author><author>Renaud Laurent</author><author>Gregoire P. Millet</author>
        <description><![CDATA[PurposeTo analyze if the “Munz Floor”® fascial stretching method significantly modifies the autonomic nervous responses at rest. We tested the hypothesis of a positive influence on the parasympathetic activity.MethodsHeart rate variability (HRV) was measured in thirty three (including nine females) healthy participants during a tilt test (i.e., 5-min supine followed by 5-min standing) before (pre-) and immediately after (post-) 60 min in either a control condition and 3 days later a “Munz Floor”® session. Time-domain (heart rate, HR); root mean square of the successive differences between RR intervals, (RMSSD), non-linear (standard deviations, SD1, SD2), and frequency-domain (spectral frequencies in very low, VLF; low, LF and high bands) parameters as well as the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFAα1) were measured.ResultsIn supine position (SU), HRSU decreased to la larger extent (−12.4% ± 7.6% vs. −3.8% ± 4.0%, p < 0.001) in the “Munz Floor”® group (62.3 ± 8.7 vs. 54.4 ± 7.3 bpm, p < 0.001, Effect Size (ES) = 0.83) than in the control group (60.8 ± 8.7 vs. 58.4 ± 8.3 bpm, p < 0.01, ES = 0.27). Significant increases in RMSSDSU (50.1 ± 30.1 vs. 73.3 ± 48.0 m, p < 0.001, ES = 0.59), HFSU (1,212 ± 1,078 vs. 2,672 ± 2,388 m2, p < 0.001, ES = 0.72) were reported in the Munz Floor”® but not in the control group. In the standing position (ST): HRST decreased in both the Munz Floor”® (76.6 ± 11.0 vs. 68.8 ± 9.6 bpm, p < 0.001, ES = 0.62) and the control (77.2 ± 12.7 vs. 74.7 ± 11.9 bpm, p < 0.01, ES = 0.20) but the relative change was larger in the “Munz Floor”® (−9.6% ± 9.4% vs. −2.9% ± 6.4%, p < 0.01). Significant increases in RMSSDST (29.5 ± 23.8 vs. 39.9 ± 27.5, p < 0.01, ES = 0.38) and in (LF + HF)ST (2,132 ± 2,464 vs. 3,065 ± 3,382 m2, p < 0.01, ES = 0.31) were observed only in the “Munz Floor”® group.ConclusionThe “Munz Floor”® fascial stretching method was effective for acutely increasing the parasympathetic activity. These results suggest “Munz Floor”® fascial stretching as a potential strategy for improving recovery and reducing the impact of stress and fatigue.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1777406</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1777406</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Electrocardiographic assessment in obstructive sleep apnea: bridging pathophysiology and clinical practice]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Opinion</category>
        <author>Frederic Roche</author><author>Marie Roux</author><author>Karim Benali</author><author>Vincent Pichot</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1803471</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1803471</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of small-sided games training on physical performance in youth team-sport athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Systematic Review</category>
        <author>Yang Liu</author><author>Fengming Zhang</author><author>Shanshan Kong</author><author>Mykola Bezmylov</author><author>Ertao Yan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effects of small-sided games (SSG) on physical performance in youth team-sport athletes.MethodsFour databases (Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, Scopus and Embase) were searched. Methodological quality and certainty of evidence were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, with the review conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. All statistical analyses and meta-analyses were conducted using STATA 18.0.ResultsA total of 15 studies involving 494 participants were included. Compared with control groups, SSG significantly improved maximal aerobic capacity (SMD = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.30 to 1.27, p = 0.001), intermittent high-intensity endurance (SMD = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.70 to 1.40, p< 0.001), sprint acceleration (SMD = −0.55, 95% CI: −1.02 to −0.09, p = 0.019), change-of-direction ability (SMD = −0.85, 95% CI: −1.38 to −0.33, p = 0.001), and lower-limb explosive power (SMD = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.96, p = 0.001), whereas no statistically significant improvement was observed for maximal sprint speed (SMD = −0.30, 95% CI: −0.70 to 0.10, p = 0.142).ConclusionThis systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that small-sided games training generally benefits physical performance in youth team-sport athletes. Consistent improvements were observed in intermittent high-intensity endurance, sprint acceleration, lower-limb explosive power, and change-of-direction ability, with additional benefits for maximal aerobic capacity, whereas effects on maximal sprint speed appear limited. Future studies should aim to refine SSG training protocols and clarify how specific training configurations influence maximal sprint speed and other match-related performance outcomes in youth team-sport athletes.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD420261295914.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1729581</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1729581</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Integration of neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio for prognostic assessment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a large-scale long-term retrospective study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Nan-Jun Chen</author><author>Xu-Xin Lin</author><author>Rui-Xin Cheng</author><author>Ao-Qiang Chen</author><author>Yong-Miao Lin</author><author>Zhi-Qing Long</author><author>Fang-Fang Duan</author><author>Xin Huang</author><author>Wen Xia</author><author>De-Huan Xie</author><author>Yuan Lei</author><author>Sha-Sha Du</author><author>Chen Ren</author><author>Xin Hua</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundRecent research suggests that the emerging neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHR) has a significant correlation with the survival outcomes across a range of tumors. However, its prognostic value in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remained to be elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between NHR and overall survival (OS) in patients with NPC, as well as to develop a corresponding prognostic model.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 834 NPC patients who received platinum-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) between January 2010 and December 2014. The optimal NHR cutoff was determined using maximally selected rank statistics. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression models. A prognostic nomogram incorporating NHR with conventional risk factors was developed and validated.ResultsThe NHR score successfully segregated NPC patients into two categories with significantly different OS (HR = 0.672, 95% CI: 0.481–0.939, P = 0.019). Multivariate analysis confirmed NHR as an independent prognostic factor, along with age, T stage, and N stage. Considering EBV-DNA is a well-established prognostic factor for NPC in accordance with clinical practice and previous studies, we incorporated it together with the above factors to construct the prognostic nomogram. The established nomogram showed modestly higher predictive accuracy (C-index = 0.696, 95% CI: 0.654–0.738) compared to conventional staging parameters (C-index = 0.648, 95% CI: 0.583–0.713).ConclusionPre-treatment NHR serves as an independent prognostic indicator for survival in NPC patients undergoing CCRT. This readily available, cost-effective biomarker, when integrated with traditional prognostic factors, provides a comprehensive tool for risk stratification and treatment planning. External validation through multicenter studies is warranted to confirm these findings.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1782952</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1782952</link>
        <title><![CDATA[From environment to organs: individual and combined effects of MPs and PFAS on urinary system health]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Dazheng Li</author><author>Tianyi Wang</author><author>Wenxiu Zhang</author><author>Meng Li</author><author>Wenzhi Du</author><author>Jianning Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[As two classes of persistent environmental pollutants, microplastics (MPs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) accumulate in the human urogenital system, posing a significant health threat. To elucidate their toxic mechanisms and inform disease prevention, this review systematically examines their individual and combined toxic effects on the urogenital system, with a focus on the kidneys. Evidence indicates that exposure to MPs induces renal injury primarily by triggering oxidative stress, programmed cell death, and disrupting the gut-kidney axis, with toxicity demonstrating size and carrier dependence. As endocrine-disrupting chemicals, PFAS disrupt metabolic and hormonal homeostasis via pathways such as PPAR activation and can induce epigenetic alterations, leading to metabolic disorders, inflammation, and potential carcinogenic risks. Exposure in real environments often occurs as mixtures of pollutants. However, studies on their combined toxicity remain limited and inconsistent. Existing evidence suggests that MPs can act as carriers for PFAS, but their “carrier effect” does not necessarily directly translate to enhanced biological toxicity. Combined exposure may trigger distinct effects including synergistic, additive, or even antagonistic effects through complex mechanisms such as the modulation of bioavailability and the synergistic amplification of cellular stress, with the specific pattern highly dependent on exposure characteristics and the biological system. Overall, research in this field is still in the early stage, and the interaction mechanisms and health risks of combined exposure urgently require systematic elucidation. Future research urgently needs to integrate multidisciplinary approaches from environmental science, toxicology, and epidemiology. Efforts should focus on developing precise internal exposure characterization techniques, dissecting the toxicological mechanisms of interactions in multi-scale models, and conducting systematic population cohort studies. This is essential for advancing the risk assessment paradigm from single-pollutant evaluation to combined-exposure assessment and ultimately formulating effective public health protection strategies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1804926</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1804926</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of aquatic rehabilitation on symptoms, physical function, and quality of life in individuals with knee joint dysfunction: a meta-analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Systematic Review</category>
        <author>Yujie Jiang</author><author>Yueliang Peng</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundKnee joint dysfunction, including osteoarthritis, ligament injury, and post-surgical conditions, impairs symptoms, physical function, and quality of life. Aquatic rehabilitation leverages water’s buoyancy, resistance, and hydrostatic properties to reduce joint load and facilitate exercise, but evidence on its effectiveness across populations and intervention parameters is inconsistent.MethodsWe conducted a PRISMA-guided meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (PROSPERO CRD420251139080) comparing structured aquatic exercise with land-based exercise or conventional treatment. Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library were searched to July 2025. Change-score standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models across symptoms, physical function, and quality of life. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Pre-specified subgroup analyses examined disease type, age, session length, intervention duration, and training frequency. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2.0; evidence certainty was appraised using GRADE.ResultsTwenty-nine trials (n = 1,984) were included. Aquatic rehabilitation significantly improved symptoms (SMD = −0.55, 95% CI: −0.73 to −0.38) and physical function (SMD = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.65) versus controls, while quality of life improvements were non-significant (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI: −0.15 to 0.50). Benefits were largest in patients with knee osteoarthritis and those <60 years. Interventions ≥8 weeks yielded greater symptom and functional gains. Functional subdomain analysis revealed pronounced improvements in balance, proprioception, and muscle strength, whereas mobility and flexibility showed smaller effects. Session length and training frequency had a minor influence. QoL improvements were primarily observed in younger participants.ConclusionAquatic rehabilitation effectively alleviates symptoms and enhances physical function in individuals with knee joint dysfunction, with the greatest benefits observed in knee osteoarthritis patients and adults younger than 60 years. Programs lasting at least 8 weeks yield optimal outcomes, particularly for balance, proprioception, and muscle strength. While improvements in quality of life are less consistent, younger participants may experience psychosocial gains. These findings support the integration of structured aquatic exercise into knee rehabilitation protocols, with attention to patient characteristics and program duration to maximize therapeutic effects.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251139080, identifier CRD420251139080.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1765898</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1765898</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Explainable deep-learning models to predict diaphragmatic dysfunction and cognitive stress in ICU patients under mechanical ventilation]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yonghua Wang</author><author>Yuling Bai</author><author>Ge Jin</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundDiaphragmatic dysfunction and acute cognitive stress/delirium are serious complications of mechanical ventilation that prolong intensive care unit (ICU) stay and are associated with increased mortality. Although accumulating evidence suggests a potential lung–brain axis linking impaired respiratory muscle function to adverse neurocognitive trajectories, early risk stratification remains challenging because clinically relevant signals are multimodal, temporally dynamic, and often partially observed. We aimed to develop an interpretable multimodal deep learning model to predict diaphragmatic dysfunction and high cognitive stress/delirium in mechanically ventilated patients and to identify shared predictors that may reflect lung–brain crosstalk.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter retrospective study including 25,751 mechanically ventilated ICU patients. A multimodal long short-term memory (LSTM) network was trained using continuous clinical time-series variables (vital signs, ventilator parameters, and medication dosing trajectories) and diaphragm ultrasound videos from a sub-cohort (n = 4,783). Discrimination was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the area under the precision–recall curve (AUPRC). Post-hoc SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were applied to quantify feature contributions and explore cross-modal interactions.ResultsIn the independent test set, the multimodal model outperformed both clinical-only (AUC = 0.811) and video-only (AUC = 0.749) baselines for predicting diaphragmatic dysfunction, achieving an AUC of 0.902 (95% CI, 0.88–0.92) and an AUPRC of 0.594 (both P < 0.001 vs. baselines). For high cognitive stress/delirium prediction, the model achieved an AUC of 0.792. Calibration was acceptable, with close agreement between predicted and observed risks (Brier score = 0.12). SHAP analyses indicated that ultrasound-derived diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) and cumulative neuromuscular blockade exposure were among the strongest predictors of diaphragmatic dysfunction. Notably, diaphragm excursion and heart rate variability emerged as shared influential predictors for cognitive stress/delirium, consistent with the lung–brain crosstalk hypothesis in mechanically ventilated patients.ConclusionThis study presents a multimodal deep learning framework for early identification of mechanically ventilated patients at elevated risk of diaphragmatic dysfunction and high cognitive stress/delirium. Integrating diaphragm ultrasound with longitudinal bedside physiologic and treatment data improves prediction beyond single-modality models, while post hoc explainability highlights candidate shared predictors relevant to a lung–brain axis. These findings suggest that integrated monitoring of respiratory mechanics and sedation-related physiology may support more proactive ventilator management and neuroprotective ICU care.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1793257</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1793257</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Case report: Elevation variability and pacing regulation in an elite half-marathon runner: a longitudinal case study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Case Report</category>
        <author>Gerasimos V. Grivas</author><author>Walaa Jumah Alkasasbeh</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Pacing strategy is a central determinant of endurance running performance. While elevation profile is known to influence pacing in trail and mountain running, its potential role in road races characterized by moderate elevation variability remains insufficiently examined. This longitudinal case report aimed to explore how differences in course elevation characteristics were associated with pacing patterns and performance outcomes in an elite half-marathon runner. Ten official half-marathon performances completed over a four-year period (2014–2017) by a single elite male athlete were retrospectively analyzed. Elevation-related metrics (total ascent, total descent, and elevation range) and split times (0–10 km and 11–21 km) were examined descriptively to characterize pacing patterns, classified as positive or negative split. Five races were classified as positive split and five as negative split. Finishing times ranged from 69.18 to 87.05 min, and elevation range varied between 26.3 and 116.8 m. The fastest performance occurred during a negative split on a near-flat course; however, pacing classification and elevation characteristics were not uniformly aligned with performance outcomes across races. Within comparable elevation ranges, both positive and negative pacing profiles were observed, accompanied by substantial variation in finishing times. These findings indicate that moderate elevation variability may interact with pacing regulation in a context-dependent manner rather than acting as an isolated determinant of performance. The results highlight the multifactorial nature of pacing behavior in elite half-marathon competition and underscore the value of individualized longitudinal analyses for understanding performance execution in real-world racing conditions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1785406</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1785406</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Immediate impacts of low-temperature exposure on cardiac autonomic modulation, neuromuscular efficiency, and postural stability in older adults Yangko dancers – a randomized controlled trial]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Lijuan Fu</author><author>Zhengbin Li</author><author>Na Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionTo investigate the immediate effects of different cold environments on heart rate variability (HRV), surface electromyography (sEMG), and balance in older adults Yangko dance (a traditional Chinese folk dance) participants, and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying increased injury risks during the early exercise phase (10–20 minutes) in cold conditions. This study aims to provide scientific evidence for targeted protective measures.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted with 120 regular Yangko dancers (age>60 years) from Changchun, China. Participants were stratified into four temperature groups (15 °C, -5 °C, -10 °C, -15 °C; 30 cases in each group) using computer-generated randomization. All participants completed Yangko dance sessions under their assigned temperature conditions. HRV time-domain and frequency-domain indices (SDNN, RMSSD, PNN500, LogLF, LogHF, LF/HF), sEMG signals of the biceps femoris, rectus femoris, and medial gastrocnemius (RMS, IEMG), and balance parameters (RT, MVL, EPE) were measured using heart rate monitors, surface EMG devices, and a balance testing system. The impacts of different cold environments on cardiovascular and motor functions were analyzed.ResultsCompared to 15 °C, the cold groups (-5 °C, -10 °C, -15 °C) showed significant reductions in SDNN, RMSSD, PNN500, LogLF, and LogHF (P<0.05) after the experiment, while LF/HF increased significantly (P<0.05). Progressive hypothermia induced dose-dependent decreases in SDNN (15 °C: 65.4 ± 1.47 vs. -15 °C: 51.21 ± 13.41, P<0.001) and RMSSD, alongside increased LF/HF ratios (P<0.05). sEMG analysis demonstrated temperature-dependent neuromuscular adaptations, with -15 °C exposure eliciting 23.6% RMS elevation but 29.4% IEMG reduction versus controls (P<0.05), indicating enhanced muscle activation but decreased output efficiency. The conclusion of the balance ability test shows that RT is prolonged and DCL is reduced.DiscussionCold environments reduce HRV, increase muscle stiffness, and impair balance in the older adults, significantly raise injury risks during the early exercise phase. Recommendations include adequate warm-up, wearing thermal protective gear, and performing joint mobility exercises to enhance exercise safety in cold conditions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1744260</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1744260</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Comparative efficacy and mechanistic insights of non-invasive neuromodulation and motor rehabilitation on functional reorganization of the supplementary motor area in subacute stroke: a narrative review]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Yun-Shan Zhang</author><author>Ying-Dong Li</author><author>Cai-Xia Ou</author><author>Zi-Ting Bi</author><author>Jing-Hua Xiao</author><author>Jia-Mei Zhang</author><author>Jing-Xue Wei</author><author>Jian-Wen Xu</author><author>Lang Huang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Subacute stroke patients frequently experience significant motor impairment. The supplementary motor area (SMA), a critical hub for motor control and functional brain reorganization, plays a pivotal role in recovery. However, traditional interventions such as drug therapy and conventional physical therapy often lack the spatial precision and causal efficacy required for directly and accurately remodeling specific dysfunctional circuits like the SMA in subacute stroke, which results in key challenges in current rehabilitation practice for correcting specific network imbalances and efficiently inducing task-related plasticity. This narrative review elucidates how two advanced, mechanism-driven strategies address these challenges. Non-invasive neuromodulation provides a precise top-down intervention method that can directly regulate the cortical excitability of SMA and its related networks, correcting pathological network imbalances, which is unmatched by traditional methods. In contrast, motor rehabilitation provides a powerful bottom-up, experience-dependent intervention that drives Hebbian plasticity through intensive, task-oriented training, specifically enhancing SMA activation and functional connectivity. Crucially, the major innovation lies in their strategic combination. Non-invasive neuromodulation primes the brain network for learning, while motor rehabilitation consolidates the induced plasticity, thereby yielding synergistic effects that maximize functional recovery. This review synthesizes current evidence on the efficacy and mechanisms of these interventions in promoting SMA reorganization following subacute stroke, analyzing their impacts on network modulation, neuroimaging correlates, and clinical outcomes. By integrating foundational research and clinical insights, it aims to establish a theoretical framework for refining precision, network-targeted rehabilitation strategies for post-stroke motor deficits in the subacute phase.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1777883</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1777883</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of an eight-week French contrast training program on lower-limb explosive power, acceleration, and muscle strength in male college badminton players]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Kaixiang Zhou</author><author>Ruting Lin</author><author>Ziren Zhao</author><author>Na Yu</author><author>Xin Zheng</author><author>Jinhong Li</author><author>Nijiao Deng</author><author>Yu’an Sun</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundBadminton is a high-intensity sport that demands lower-limb athletic performance. French Contrast Training (FCT), which combines heavy compound exercises, plyometrics, light to moderate loads, and assisted plyometric movements in one session, has been suggested to enhance neuromuscular adaptations more effectively. However, the efficacy of FCT on lower-limb explosive power, acceleration, and muscle strength compared to equal-load training (ELT) in badminton players remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the effects of an eight-week FCT program on lower-limb explosive power, acceleration, and muscle strength compared to ELT in college badminton players.MethodsThirty male college badminton players were randomly assigned to the FCT group (n=15) or the ELT group (n=15). Both groups completed an eight-week (twice a week) training program. The FCT protocol consisted of four sequential exercises per session: 80% 1RM back squat, 30cm hurdle jump, 30% 1RM barbell squat jump, and band-assisted jump. The control group performed ELT, an isolated method that involved exercises with loads aligned to FCT. Outcomes measurement before and after training included countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), 10-meter sprint time, maximal velocity (Vmax), maximal acceleration (Amax), 1RM back squat, and mean concentric velocity (MCV) from 20% to 80%1RM. We used two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) (time × group) with Bonferroni post hoc tests, and effect sizes were reported as partial eta squared (ηp2). p< 0.05 was statistically significant.ResultsFCT yielded greater improvements than ELT in CMJ (p< 0.001, ηp2 = 0.621), SJ (p< 0.001, ηp2 = 0.849), 10-meter sprint time (p< 0.001, ηp2 = 0.853), Vmax (p< 0.001, ηp2 = 0.638), Amax (p< 0.001, ηp2 = 0.820), and MCV from 20 to 40% 1RM (p< 0.001, ηp2 = 0.615; p< 0.001, ηp2 = 0.697). However, no significant differences were found between the groups for the 1RM back squat (p = 0.218, ηp2 = 0.054), and MCV from 60 to 80%1RM (p = 0.579, ηp2 = 0.011; p = 0.900, ηp2 = 0.001).ConclusionThis study suggests that French Contrast Training is an effective strategy for improving lower-limb explosive power and rapid acceleration in male college badminton players, but it does not further improve muscle strength.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1728736</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1728736</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Efficacy and safety of estradiol/dydrogesterone combined with escitalopram in the treatment of anxiety and depression in perimenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Shufang Wu</author><author>Guiying Zeng</author><author>Saisai Chen</author><author>Hongbin Chen</author><author>Senpei Xie</author><author>Jiabao Zhang</author><author>Yingchun Xiao</author><author>Nan Liu</author><author>Hui Chen</author><author>Ronghua Chen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundTo investigate the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of a combined therapy of estradiol/dydrogesterone and escitalopram in treating perimenopausal anxiety and depression.MethodsA total of 195 patients were randomized to receive escitalopram, estradiol/dydrogesterone, or combination therapy for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoints were the changes in scores of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) at week 12 compared with the baseline.ResultsCompared with the baseline, all groups reported a gradual decrease in Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic Symptom Scale (PHQ-15), the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), HAMD, and HAMA scores (P<0.001 for all), and a gradual increase in serum estradiol (E2) and 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (P<0.001 for both), with the most pronounced changes in the Combined group (Comb group). In intergroup comparison, at weeks 4, 8, 12, the scores of PHQ-15, GAD-7, PHQ-9, HAMA, and HAMD were most reduced in the Comb group; At weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, E2 level was significantly higher in the Comb group and estradiol/dydrogesterone group (E/D group) than in the escitalopram group (ESC group); at weeks 4, 8, and 12, 5-HT level was significantly higher in the Comb group than in the E/D group; and at week 4 and 12, 5-HT level was significantly higher in the Comb group than in the ESC group.ConclusionsEstradiol/dydrogesterone plus escitalopram significantly improves anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms in perimenopausal women. These findings provide clinical evidence of estradiol/dydrogesterone plus escitalopram regimen for the treatment of patients with perimenopausal anxiety and depression.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1797489</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1797489</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The role of circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of myopia]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Ning Zhang</author><author>Guoge Han</author><author>Rui Hao</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Myopia is a complex ocular disorder arising from the interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental cues that regulate eye growth. Increasing evidence indicates that the circadian timing system plays a critical role in ocular development and refractive homeostasis. The retina, choroid, and sclera possess intrinsic molecular clocks that generate rhythmic oscillations in gene expression, neurotransmitter release, and tissue physiology. Disruption of these ocular circadian rhythms has been implicated in abnormal axial elongation through pathways involving dopamine and melatonin signaling, light-dependent retinal pathways, and diurnal fluctuations in intraocular pressure. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian regulation in ocular tissues and discuss how environmental light exposure and sleep–wake cycles modulate these processes. We further integrate evidence linking rhythmic alterations in retinal, choroidal, and scleral function to myopia development. Finally, we propose mechanistic frameworks through which circadian dysregulation may contribute to myopia onset and progression, highlighting potential molecular targets for rhythm-based intervention strategies.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1800522</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1800522</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A multimodal deep learning-based model for posture asymmetry recognition and sports injury risk prediction in adolescent table tennis athletes]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Di Wang</author><author>Yue Guo</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundAdolescent table tennis athletes face significant sports injury risks due to repetitive unilateral force generation patterns during the critical skeletal maturation period, yet traditional posture assessment methods lack quantitative precision and real-time monitoring capability.MethodsThis study develops a multimodal deep learning framework integrating video RGB sequences, skeletal keypoint trajectories, and kinematic parameters through cross-modal attention mechanisms, weighted graph convolutional networks, and temporal convolutional networks to automatically recognize posture asymmetry patterns and assess biomechanical injury risk levels based on expert-evaluated postural deviation criteria, representing prospective biomechanical risk stratification for screening purposes rather than longitudinally validated injury occurrence prediction.ResultsComprehensive evaluation on the TTStroke-21 dataset demonstrates superior performance in both four-class posture asymmetry recognition and three-level injury risk prediction compared to baseline methods, validating the effectiveness of sport-specific architectural adaptations and multimodal data fusion strategies. The biomechanical analysis reveals quantitative relationships between technical movement patterns and asymmetry manifestations across different stroke types and age groups, confirming the critical intervention window during the 12-14-year developmental period.ConclusionThe proposed intelligent assessment system provides substantial practical value for training monitoring and injury prevention in youth sports, enabling coaches and sports medicine practitioners to implement data-driven personalized intervention strategies including contralateral limb strengthening programs and targeted corrective exercises before structural imbalances progress to clinical injury outcomes.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1792481</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1792481</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of a low-load multi-component training program with blood flow restriction versus the same program without blood flow restriction on muscle thickness and functional outcomes in physically inactive young adults: randomized controlled trial]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Clinical Trial</category>
        <author>Irfan Ahmad</author><author>Yali Feng</author><author>Jie Pu</author><author>Shaoqi Wen</author><author>Rui Zhong</author><author>Yifan Lv</author><author>Lehua Yu</author><author>An Zhang</author><author>Ying Yin</author><author>Botao Tan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionLow-load resistance training [≤50% one-repetition maximum (1-RM)] produces modest hypertrophic adaptations in untrained individuals. Blood flow restriction (BFR) training, combining low mechanical loads (30–40% 1-RM) with proximal limb occlusion, may augment these adaptations by inducing metabolic stress comparable to higher-load exercise. However, evidence comparing low-load multi-component training with and without BFR in physically inactive young adults remains limited. This study examined whether adding BFR to a standardized low-load training program enhances muscle thickness and functional performance outcomes compared with the same program performed without BFR.MethodsIn this single-blind randomized controlled trial conducted at Chongqing Medical University from November 2024 to November 2025, we enrolled 48 physically inactive physically inactive university-aged adults (25 males; mean age 18.98 ± 0.64 years). Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either low-load multi-component with BFR (n=24) or low-load multi-component without BFR) (n=24) training for 6 weeks (4 sessions/week). The BFR group trained at 30% (weeks 1-3) to 40% (weeks 4-6) 1-RM, with pneumatic cuffs inflated to 50% of individual arterial occlusion pressure. Outcomes were muscle thickness (ultrasound), and physical fitness tests.ResultsAll 48 participants (mean age 19.0 ± 0.6 years) completed the 6-week intervention with ≥85% session attendance. The BFR group demonstrated significantly greater muscle thickness increases compared with without-BFR group in bilateral biceps brachii (right: +0.45 cm vs +0.11 cm, P = 0.001, ηp2=0.20; left: +0.37 cm vs +0.10 cm, P = 0.001, ηp2=0.21) and right rectus femoris (+0.13 cm vs +0.02 cm, P = 0.001, ηp2=0.17). Functional performance improvements favoring BFR included left-hand grip strength (+3.63 kg vs +1.09 kg, P = 0.001, ηp2=0.28), bilateral thigh circumference (P = 0.001, ηp2=0.12), and exercise-specific core training (males: pull-ups +5.92 vs +2.08 repetitions; females: abdominal curls +11.18 vs +3.33 repetitions). Between-group differences reached significance for 10 of 18 primary and secondary outcomes (56%). Seven BFR participants (29%) reported minor, transient discomfort during week 1; no serious adverse events occurred.ConclusionAdding BFR to low-load multi-component training produced greater improvements in limb muscle thickness and functional performance compared with the same training performed without BFR in physically inactive young adults over 6 weeks. Benefits were most evident in upper extremity hypertrophy and task-specific functional capacity, with 56% of outcomes demonstrating significant between-group differences favoring BFR. The intervention was well-tolerated with no serious adverse events. These findings support BFR-enhanced low-load training as a potential alternative for individuals unable or unwilling to engage in high-load resistance training, though generalizability to other populations and longer-term sustainability require further investigation.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/, identifier TCTR20241110003.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1779559</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1779559</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Feasibility and physiological effects of a combined exercise and nutritional intervention in older adults with cancer under catabolic stress]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Song Ee Park</author><author>Jin Hwa Choi</author><author>Du Hwan Kim</author><author>Don-Kyu Kim</author><author>Yongsoon Park</author><author>Yong Chan Ha</author><author>In Gyu Hwang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundAgeing and cancer are associated with accelerated skeletal muscle catabolism, leading to sarcopenia, adverse body composition changes, and functional decline. Exercise and nutritional support are established physiological countermeasures against muscle loss; however, their feasibility and physiological effects in older adults exposed to profound catabolic stress remain insufficiently characterized.MethodsBetween 2021 and 2023, adults aged ≥65 years with advanced cancer undergoing systemic therapy participated in a 12-week combined exercise and nutritional intervention program. Participants were assigned to an intervention group (exercise plus nutrition, n=20) or a usual-care control group (n=40). The primary endpoint was feasibility, defined as ≥50% adherence to both exercise and nutritional components during the first 6 weeks. Secondary endpoints included changes in skeletal muscle index (SMI), subcutaneous and visceral fat compartments, safety, and patient-reported quality of life.ResultsThe median age was 72 years, 65% were men, and 41.7% had baseline sarcopenia. Adherence rates were 65% for exercise and 75% for nutritional support, with an overall attrition rate of 5% and no intervention-related adverse events. At 6 weeks, SMI declined significantly in the control group, whereas no statistically significant change in SMI was observed in the intervention group. Subcutaneous fat decreased significantly in the intervention group, with a reduction in visceral fat observed among men. At 12 weeks, body composition parameters remained relatively stable in both groups. Modest improvements were noted in fatigue, appetite loss, and nausea.ConclusionsA combined exercise and nutritional intervention was feasible, safe, and well tolerated in older adults exposed to severe catabolic stress. The preservation of skeletal muscle mass and favorable body composition changes observed suggest meaningful physiological adaptation, supporting exercise and nutritional support as viable physiological countermeasures in vulnerable ageing populations.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1816782</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1816782</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Lifetime achievements in avian physiology]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Colin G. Scanes</author><author>Sandra G. Velleman</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1772535</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1772535</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The exquisite link between potassium homeostasis regulation and cardiovascular health: exploration and analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Ci Wang</author><author>Xiangyuan Huang</author><author>Zeyu Zhang</author><author>Dongming Lin</author><author>Shuwei Huang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading global cause of mortality, with potassium homeostasis playing a fundamental role in their pathophysiology. Tightly regulated potassium ions (K+) are essential for cardiac electrophysiological stability, and their dysregulation is a critical driver of disorders, particularly cardiac arrhythmias. Systemic potassium homeostasis is maintained by a complex network involving dietary intake, renal and intestinal handling, neuromodulatory control, skeletal muscle buffering and membrane ion channel activity, et al, which together determine extracellular and intracellular potassium homeostasis. This review summarizes the physiological mechanisms underlying potassium homeostasis and critically examines how potassium imbalance contributes to CVDs, with a primary focus on arrhythmia-related pathophysiology. By integrating experimental and clinical evidence, we highlight clinically relevant mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies aimed at optimizing potassium homeostasis, thereby providing a conceptual framework to improve CVDs prevention and management.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1716140</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1716140</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The associations between resting and total energy expenditure, physical activity, and thyroid hormone levels in adult females]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-31T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>S.A Sanduni Samudika De Alwis</author><author>Xueying Zhang</author><author>Huihui Mei</author><author>Xinyi Bi</author><author>Xinyue Ma</author><author>Ying Liu</author><author>Li Xue</author><author>Dehuang Kong</author><author>Lu Wang</author><author>Hongbo Wang</author><author>John R Speakman</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionPhysical activity (PA) costs energy. However, recent theory suggests the relationship of increasing PA to total energy expenditure (TEE) is non-linear because high levels of activity suppress resting metabolism mediated via changes in thyroid hormones (THs; T3- triiodothyronine, T4- thyroxine, fT3- free triiodothyronine, fT4 - free thyroxine, TSH - thyroid stimulating hormone).MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional study on 38 euthyroid females (NCT06377943) to examine the relationship between PA, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and TEE.  Multiple linear regression  and  Bootstrapped structural equation model were used to assessed whether THs statistically accounted for the association between PA and RMR.ResultsBootstrapped structural equation models indicated that PA was significantly associated with lower TH levels (β = –4.33, 95% CI [–8.51, –1.70], p = 0.011), while the association between THs and RMR was small and non-significant (β = 0.043, 95% CI [–0.02, 0.10], p = 0.16), resulting in a non-significant indirect effect (β = –0.19, 95% CI [–0.67, 0.08], p = 0.31). In multiple regression plots, physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and PA showed a trend toward significance (p = 0.07) when THs were added.ConclusionOverall, although PA was associated with modest changes in THs, these changes did not correspond to any detectable decrease in RMR.]]></description>
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