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        <title>Frontiers in Physiology | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Physiology | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-04-04T19:33:34.28+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1777883</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1777883</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of an eight-week French contrast training program on lower-limb explosive power, acceleration, and muscle strength in male college badminton players]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Kaixiang Zhou</author><author>Ruting Lin</author><author>Ziren Zhao</author><author>Na Yu</author><author>Xin Zheng</author><author>Jinhong Li</author><author>Nijiao Deng</author><author>Yu’an Sun</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundBadminton is a high-intensity sport that demands lower-limb athletic performance. French Contrast Training (FCT), which combines heavy compound exercises, plyometrics, light to moderate loads, and assisted plyometric movements in one session, has been suggested to enhance neuromuscular adaptations more effectively. However, the efficacy of FCT on lower-limb explosive power, acceleration, and muscle strength compared to equal-load training (ELT) in badminton players remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the effects of an eight-week FCT program on lower-limb explosive power, acceleration, and muscle strength compared to ELT in college badminton players.MethodsThirty male college badminton players were randomly assigned to the FCT group (n=15) or the ELT group (n=15). Both groups completed an eight-week (twice a week) training program. The FCT protocol consisted of four sequential exercises per session: 80% 1RM back squat, 30cm hurdle jump, 30% 1RM barbell squat jump, and band-assisted jump. The control group performed ELT, an isolated method that involved exercises with loads aligned to FCT. Outcomes measurement before and after training included countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), 10-meter sprint time, maximal velocity (Vmax), maximal acceleration (Amax), 1RM back squat, and mean concentric velocity (MCV) from 20% to 80%1RM. We used two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) (time × group) with Bonferroni post hoc tests, and effect sizes were reported as partial eta squared (ηp2). p< 0.05 was statistically significant.ResultsFCT yielded greater improvements than ELT in CMJ (p< 0.001, ηp2 = 0.621), SJ (p< 0.001, ηp2 = 0.849), 10-meter sprint time (p< 0.001, ηp2 = 0.853), Vmax (p< 0.001, ηp2 = 0.638), Amax (p< 0.001, ηp2 = 0.820), and MCV from 20 to 40% 1RM (p< 0.001, ηp2 = 0.615; p< 0.001, ηp2 = 0.697). However, no significant differences were found between the groups for the 1RM back squat (p = 0.218, ηp2 = 0.054), and MCV from 60 to 80%1RM (p = 0.579, ηp2 = 0.011; p = 0.900, ηp2 = 0.001).ConclusionThis study suggests that French Contrast Training is an effective strategy for improving lower-limb explosive power and rapid acceleration in male college badminton players, but it does not further improve muscle strength.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1785406</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1785406</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Immediate impacts of low-temperature exposure on cardiac autonomic modulation, neuromuscular efficiency, and postural stability in older adults Yangko dancers – a randomized controlled trial]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Lijuan Fu</author><author>Zhengbin Li</author><author>Na Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionTo investigate the immediate effects of different cold environments on heart rate variability (HRV), surface electromyography (sEMG), and balance in older adults Yangko dance (a traditional Chinese folk dance) participants, and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying increased injury risks during the early exercise phase (10–20 minutes) in cold conditions. This study aims to provide scientific evidence for targeted protective measures.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted with 120 regular Yangko dancers (age>60 years) from Changchun, China. Participants were stratified into four temperature groups (15 °C, -5 °C, -10 °C, -15 °C; 30 cases in each group) using computer-generated randomization. All participants completed Yangko dance sessions under their assigned temperature conditions. HRV time-domain and frequency-domain indices (SDNN, RMSSD, PNN500, LogLF, LogHF, LF/HF), sEMG signals of the biceps femoris, rectus femoris, and medial gastrocnemius (RMS, IEMG), and balance parameters (RT, MVL, EPE) were measured using heart rate monitors, surface EMG devices, and a balance testing system. The impacts of different cold environments on cardiovascular and motor functions were analyzed.ResultsCompared to 15 °C, the cold groups (-5 °C, -10 °C, -15 °C) showed significant reductions in SDNN, RMSSD, PNN500, LogLF, and LogHF (P<0.05) after the experiment, while LF/HF increased significantly (P<0.05). Progressive hypothermia induced dose-dependent decreases in SDNN (15 °C: 65.4 ± 1.47 vs. -15 °C: 51.21 ± 13.41, P<0.001) and RMSSD, alongside increased LF/HF ratios (P<0.05). sEMG analysis demonstrated temperature-dependent neuromuscular adaptations, with -15 °C exposure eliciting 23.6% RMS elevation but 29.4% IEMG reduction versus controls (P<0.05), indicating enhanced muscle activation but decreased output efficiency. The conclusion of the balance ability test shows that RT is prolonged and DCL is reduced.DiscussionCold environments reduce HRV, increase muscle stiffness, and impair balance in the older adults, significantly raise injury risks during the early exercise phase. Recommendations include adequate warm-up, wearing thermal protective gear, and performing joint mobility exercises to enhance exercise safety in cold conditions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1804926</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1804926</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of aquatic rehabilitation on symptoms, physical function, and quality of life in individuals with knee joint dysfunction: a meta-analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Systematic Review</category>
        <author>Yujie Jiang</author><author>Yueliang Peng</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundKnee joint dysfunction, including osteoarthritis, ligament injury, and post-surgical conditions, impairs symptoms, physical function, and quality of life. Aquatic rehabilitation leverages water’s buoyancy, resistance, and hydrostatic properties to reduce joint load and facilitate exercise, but evidence on its effectiveness across populations and intervention parameters is inconsistent.MethodsWe conducted a PRISMA-guided meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (PROSPERO CRD420251139080) comparing structured aquatic exercise with land-based exercise or conventional treatment. Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library were searched to July 2025. Change-score standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models across symptoms, physical function, and quality of life. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Pre-specified subgroup analyses examined disease type, age, session length, intervention duration, and training frequency. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2.0; evidence certainty was appraised using GRADE.ResultsTwenty-nine trials (n = 1,984) were included. Aquatic rehabilitation significantly improved symptoms (SMD = −0.55, 95% CI: −0.73 to −0.38) and physical function (SMD = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.65) versus controls, while quality of life improvements were non-significant (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI: −0.15 to 0.50). Benefits were largest in patients with knee osteoarthritis and those <60 years. Interventions ≥8 weeks yielded greater symptom and functional gains. Functional subdomain analysis revealed pronounced improvements in balance, proprioception, and muscle strength, whereas mobility and flexibility showed smaller effects. Session length and training frequency had a minor influence. QoL improvements were primarily observed in younger participants.ConclusionAquatic rehabilitation effectively alleviates symptoms and enhances physical function in individuals with knee joint dysfunction, with the greatest benefits observed in knee osteoarthritis patients and adults younger than 60 years. Programs lasting at least 8 weeks yield optimal outcomes, particularly for balance, proprioception, and muscle strength. While improvements in quality of life are less consistent, younger participants may experience psychosocial gains. These findings support the integration of structured aquatic exercise into knee rehabilitation protocols, with attention to patient characteristics and program duration to maximize therapeutic effects.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251139080, identifier CRD420251139080.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1765898</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1765898</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Explainable deep-learning models to predict diaphragmatic dysfunction and cognitive stress in ICU patients under mechanical ventilation]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yonghua Wang</author><author>Yuling Bai</author><author>Ge Jin</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundDiaphragmatic dysfunction and acute cognitive stress/delirium are serious complications of mechanical ventilation that prolong intensive care unit (ICU) stay and are associated with increased mortality. Although accumulating evidence suggests a potential lung–brain axis linking impaired respiratory muscle function to adverse neurocognitive trajectories, early risk stratification remains challenging because clinically relevant signals are multimodal, temporally dynamic, and often partially observed. We aimed to develop an interpretable multimodal deep learning model to predict diaphragmatic dysfunction and high cognitive stress/delirium in mechanically ventilated patients and to identify shared predictors that may reflect lung–brain crosstalk.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter retrospective study including 25,751 mechanically ventilated ICU patients. A multimodal long short-term memory (LSTM) network was trained using continuous clinical time-series variables (vital signs, ventilator parameters, and medication dosing trajectories) and diaphragm ultrasound videos from a sub-cohort (n = 4,783). Discrimination was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the area under the precision–recall curve (AUPRC). Post-hoc SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were applied to quantify feature contributions and explore cross-modal interactions.ResultsIn the independent test set, the multimodal model outperformed both clinical-only (AUC = 0.811) and video-only (AUC = 0.749) baselines for predicting diaphragmatic dysfunction, achieving an AUC of 0.902 (95% CI, 0.88–0.92) and an AUPRC of 0.594 (both P < 0.001 vs. baselines). For high cognitive stress/delirium prediction, the model achieved an AUC of 0.792. Calibration was acceptable, with close agreement between predicted and observed risks (Brier score = 0.12). SHAP analyses indicated that ultrasound-derived diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) and cumulative neuromuscular blockade exposure were among the strongest predictors of diaphragmatic dysfunction. Notably, diaphragm excursion and heart rate variability emerged as shared influential predictors for cognitive stress/delirium, consistent with the lung–brain crosstalk hypothesis in mechanically ventilated patients.ConclusionThis study presents a multimodal deep learning framework for early identification of mechanically ventilated patients at elevated risk of diaphragmatic dysfunction and high cognitive stress/delirium. Integrating diaphragm ultrasound with longitudinal bedside physiologic and treatment data improves prediction beyond single-modality models, while post hoc explainability highlights candidate shared predictors relevant to a lung–brain axis. These findings suggest that integrated monitoring of respiratory mechanics and sedation-related physiology may support more proactive ventilator management and neuroprotective ICU care.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1728736</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1728736</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Efficacy and safety of estradiol/dydrogesterone combined with escitalopram in the treatment of anxiety and depression in perimenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Shufang Wu</author><author>Guiying Zeng</author><author>Saisai Chen</author><author>Hongbin Chen</author><author>Senpei Xie</author><author>Jiabao Zhang</author><author>Yingchun Xiao</author><author>Nan Liu</author><author>Hui Chen</author><author>Ronghua Chen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundTo investigate the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of a combined therapy of estradiol/dydrogesterone and escitalopram in treating perimenopausal anxiety and depression.MethodsA total of 195 patients were randomized to receive escitalopram, estradiol/dydrogesterone, or combination therapy for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoints were the changes in scores of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) at week 12 compared with the baseline.ResultsCompared with the baseline, all groups reported a gradual decrease in Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic Symptom Scale (PHQ-15), the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), HAMD, and HAMA scores (P<0.001 for all), and a gradual increase in serum estradiol (E2) and 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (P<0.001 for both), with the most pronounced changes in the Combined group (Comb group). In intergroup comparison, at weeks 4, 8, 12, the scores of PHQ-15, GAD-7, PHQ-9, HAMA, and HAMD were most reduced in the Comb group; At weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, E2 level was significantly higher in the Comb group and estradiol/dydrogesterone group (E/D group) than in the escitalopram group (ESC group); at weeks 4, 8, and 12, 5-HT level was significantly higher in the Comb group than in the E/D group; and at week 4 and 12, 5-HT level was significantly higher in the Comb group than in the ESC group.ConclusionsEstradiol/dydrogesterone plus escitalopram significantly improves anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms in perimenopausal women. These findings provide clinical evidence of estradiol/dydrogesterone plus escitalopram regimen for the treatment of patients with perimenopausal anxiety and depression.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1744260</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1744260</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Comparative efficacy and mechanistic insights of non-invasive neuromodulation and motor rehabilitation on functional reorganization of the supplementary motor area in subacute stroke: a narrative review]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Yun-Shan Zhang</author><author>Ying-Dong Li</author><author>Cai-Xia Ou</author><author>Zi-Ting Bi</author><author>Jing-Hua Xiao</author><author>Jia-Mei Zhang</author><author>Jing-Xue Wei</author><author>Jian-Wen Xu</author><author>Lang Huang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Subacute stroke patients frequently experience significant motor impairment. The supplementary motor area (SMA), a critical hub for motor control and functional brain reorganization, plays a pivotal role in recovery. However, traditional interventions such as drug therapy and conventional physical therapy often lack the spatial precision and causal efficacy required for directly and accurately remodeling specific dysfunctional circuits like the SMA in subacute stroke, which results in key challenges in current rehabilitation practice for correcting specific network imbalances and efficiently inducing task-related plasticity. This narrative review elucidates how two advanced, mechanism-driven strategies address these challenges. Non-invasive neuromodulation provides a precise top-down intervention method that can directly regulate the cortical excitability of SMA and its related networks, correcting pathological network imbalances, which is unmatched by traditional methods. In contrast, motor rehabilitation provides a powerful bottom-up, experience-dependent intervention that drives Hebbian plasticity through intensive, task-oriented training, specifically enhancing SMA activation and functional connectivity. Crucially, the major innovation lies in their strategic combination. Non-invasive neuromodulation primes the brain network for learning, while motor rehabilitation consolidates the induced plasticity, thereby yielding synergistic effects that maximize functional recovery. This review synthesizes current evidence on the efficacy and mechanisms of these interventions in promoting SMA reorganization following subacute stroke, analyzing their impacts on network modulation, neuroimaging correlates, and clinical outcomes. By integrating foundational research and clinical insights, it aims to establish a theoretical framework for refining precision, network-targeted rehabilitation strategies for post-stroke motor deficits in the subacute phase.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1793257</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1793257</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Case report: Elevation variability and pacing regulation in an elite half-marathon runner: a longitudinal case study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Case Report</category>
        <author>Gerasimos V. Grivas</author><author>Walaa Jumah Alkasasbeh</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Pacing strategy is a central determinant of endurance running performance. While elevation profile is known to influence pacing in trail and mountain running, its potential role in road races characterized by moderate elevation variability remains insufficiently examined. This longitudinal case report aimed to explore how differences in course elevation characteristics were associated with pacing patterns and performance outcomes in an elite half-marathon runner. Ten official half-marathon performances completed over a four-year period (2014–2017) by a single elite male athlete were retrospectively analyzed. Elevation-related metrics (total ascent, total descent, and elevation range) and split times (0–10 km and 11–21 km) were examined descriptively to characterize pacing patterns, classified as positive or negative split. Five races were classified as positive split and five as negative split. Finishing times ranged from 69.18 to 87.05 min, and elevation range varied between 26.3 and 116.8 m. The fastest performance occurred during a negative split on a near-flat course; however, pacing classification and elevation characteristics were not uniformly aligned with performance outcomes across races. Within comparable elevation ranges, both positive and negative pacing profiles were observed, accompanied by substantial variation in finishing times. These findings indicate that moderate elevation variability may interact with pacing regulation in a context-dependent manner rather than acting as an isolated determinant of performance. The results highlight the multifactorial nature of pacing behavior in elite half-marathon competition and underscore the value of individualized longitudinal analyses for understanding performance execution in real-world racing conditions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1792481</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1792481</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of a low-load multi-component training program with blood flow restriction versus the same program without blood flow restriction on muscle thickness and functional outcomes in physically inactive young adults: randomized controlled trial]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Clinical Trial</category>
        <author>Irfan Ahmad</author><author>Yali Feng</author><author>Jie Pu</author><author>Shaoqi Wen</author><author>Rui Zhong</author><author>Yifan Lv</author><author>Lehua Yu</author><author>An Zhang</author><author>Ying Yin</author><author>Botao Tan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionLow-load resistance training [≤50% one-repetition maximum (1-RM)] produces modest hypertrophic adaptations in untrained individuals. Blood flow restriction (BFR) training, combining low mechanical loads (30–40% 1-RM) with proximal limb occlusion, may augment these adaptations by inducing metabolic stress comparable to higher-load exercise. However, evidence comparing low-load multi-component training with and without BFR in physically inactive young adults remains limited. This study examined whether adding BFR to a standardized low-load training program enhances muscle thickness and functional performance outcomes compared with the same program performed without BFR.MethodsIn this single-blind randomized controlled trial conducted at Chongqing Medical University from November 2024 to November 2025, we enrolled 48 physically inactive physically inactive university-aged adults (25 males; mean age 18.98 ± 0.64 years). Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either low-load multi-component with BFR (n=24) or low-load multi-component without BFR) (n=24) training for 6 weeks (4 sessions/week). The BFR group trained at 30% (weeks 1-3) to 40% (weeks 4-6) 1-RM, with pneumatic cuffs inflated to 50% of individual arterial occlusion pressure. Outcomes were muscle thickness (ultrasound), and physical fitness tests.ResultsAll 48 participants (mean age 19.0 ± 0.6 years) completed the 6-week intervention with ≥85% session attendance. The BFR group demonstrated significantly greater muscle thickness increases compared with without-BFR group in bilateral biceps brachii (right: +0.45 cm vs +0.11 cm, P = 0.001, ηp2=0.20; left: +0.37 cm vs +0.10 cm, P = 0.001, ηp2=0.21) and right rectus femoris (+0.13 cm vs +0.02 cm, P = 0.001, ηp2=0.17). Functional performance improvements favoring BFR included left-hand grip strength (+3.63 kg vs +1.09 kg, P = 0.001, ηp2=0.28), bilateral thigh circumference (P = 0.001, ηp2=0.12), and exercise-specific core training (males: pull-ups +5.92 vs +2.08 repetitions; females: abdominal curls +11.18 vs +3.33 repetitions). Between-group differences reached significance for 10 of 18 primary and secondary outcomes (56%). Seven BFR participants (29%) reported minor, transient discomfort during week 1; no serious adverse events occurred.ConclusionAdding BFR to low-load multi-component training produced greater improvements in limb muscle thickness and functional performance compared with the same training performed without BFR in physically inactive young adults over 6 weeks. Benefits were most evident in upper extremity hypertrophy and task-specific functional capacity, with 56% of outcomes demonstrating significant between-group differences favoring BFR. The intervention was well-tolerated with no serious adverse events. These findings support BFR-enhanced low-load training as a potential alternative for individuals unable or unwilling to engage in high-load resistance training, though generalizability to other populations and longer-term sustainability require further investigation.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/, identifier TCTR20241110003.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1772535</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1772535</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The exquisite link between potassium homeostasis regulation and cardiovascular health: exploration and analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Ci Wang</author><author>Xiangyuan Huang</author><author>Zeyu Zhang</author><author>Dongming Lin</author><author>Shuwei Huang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading global cause of mortality, with potassium homeostasis playing a fundamental role in their pathophysiology. Tightly regulated potassium ions (K+) are essential for cardiac electrophysiological stability, and their dysregulation is a critical driver of disorders, particularly cardiac arrhythmias. Systemic potassium homeostasis is maintained by a complex network involving dietary intake, renal and intestinal handling, neuromodulatory control, skeletal muscle buffering and membrane ion channel activity, et al, which together determine extracellular and intracellular potassium homeostasis. This review summarizes the physiological mechanisms underlying potassium homeostasis and critically examines how potassium imbalance contributes to CVDs, with a primary focus on arrhythmia-related pathophysiology. By integrating experimental and clinical evidence, we highlight clinically relevant mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies aimed at optimizing potassium homeostasis, thereby providing a conceptual framework to improve CVDs prevention and management.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1797489</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1797489</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The role of circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of myopia]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Ning Zhang</author><author>Guoge Han</author><author>Rui Hao</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Myopia is a complex ocular disorder arising from the interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental cues that regulate eye growth. Increasing evidence indicates that the circadian timing system plays a critical role in ocular development and refractive homeostasis. The retina, choroid, and sclera possess intrinsic molecular clocks that generate rhythmic oscillations in gene expression, neurotransmitter release, and tissue physiology. Disruption of these ocular circadian rhythms has been implicated in abnormal axial elongation through pathways involving dopamine and melatonin signaling, light-dependent retinal pathways, and diurnal fluctuations in intraocular pressure. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian regulation in ocular tissues and discuss how environmental light exposure and sleep–wake cycles modulate these processes. We further integrate evidence linking rhythmic alterations in retinal, choroidal, and scleral function to myopia development. Finally, we propose mechanistic frameworks through which circadian dysregulation may contribute to myopia onset and progression, highlighting potential molecular targets for rhythm-based intervention strategies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1779559</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1779559</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Feasibility and physiological effects of a combined exercise and nutritional intervention in older adults with cancer under catabolic stress]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Song Ee Park</author><author>Jin Hwa Choi</author><author>Du Hwan Kim</author><author>Don-Kyu Kim</author><author>Yongsoon Park</author><author>Yong Chan Ha</author><author>In Gyu Hwang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundAgeing and cancer are associated with accelerated skeletal muscle catabolism, leading to sarcopenia, adverse body composition changes, and functional decline. Exercise and nutritional support are established physiological countermeasures against muscle loss; however, their feasibility and physiological effects in older adults exposed to profound catabolic stress remain insufficiently characterized.MethodsBetween 2021 and 2023, adults aged ≥65 years with advanced cancer undergoing systemic therapy participated in a 12-week combined exercise and nutritional intervention program. Participants were assigned to an intervention group (exercise plus nutrition, n=20) or a usual-care control group (n=40). The primary endpoint was feasibility, defined as ≥50% adherence to both exercise and nutritional components during the first 6 weeks. Secondary endpoints included changes in skeletal muscle index (SMI), subcutaneous and visceral fat compartments, safety, and patient-reported quality of life.ResultsThe median age was 72 years, 65% were men, and 41.7% had baseline sarcopenia. Adherence rates were 65% for exercise and 75% for nutritional support, with an overall attrition rate of 5% and no intervention-related adverse events. At 6 weeks, SMI declined significantly in the control group, whereas no statistically significant change in SMI was observed in the intervention group. Subcutaneous fat decreased significantly in the intervention group, with a reduction in visceral fat observed among men. At 12 weeks, body composition parameters remained relatively stable in both groups. Modest improvements were noted in fatigue, appetite loss, and nausea.ConclusionsA combined exercise and nutritional intervention was feasible, safe, and well tolerated in older adults exposed to severe catabolic stress. The preservation of skeletal muscle mass and favorable body composition changes observed suggest meaningful physiological adaptation, supporting exercise and nutritional support as viable physiological countermeasures in vulnerable ageing populations.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1816782</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1816782</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Lifetime achievements in avian physiology]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Colin G. Scanes</author><author>Sandra G. Velleman</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1800522</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1800522</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A multimodal deep learning-based model for posture asymmetry recognition and sports injury risk prediction in adolescent table tennis athletes]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Di Wang</author><author>Yue Guo</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundAdolescent table tennis athletes face significant sports injury risks due to repetitive unilateral force generation patterns during the critical skeletal maturation period, yet traditional posture assessment methods lack quantitative precision and real-time monitoring capability.MethodsThis study develops a multimodal deep learning framework integrating video RGB sequences, skeletal keypoint trajectories, and kinematic parameters through cross-modal attention mechanisms, weighted graph convolutional networks, and temporal convolutional networks to automatically recognize posture asymmetry patterns and assess biomechanical injury risk levels based on expert-evaluated postural deviation criteria, representing prospective biomechanical risk stratification for screening purposes rather than longitudinally validated injury occurrence prediction.ResultsComprehensive evaluation on the TTStroke-21 dataset demonstrates superior performance in both four-class posture asymmetry recognition and three-level injury risk prediction compared to baseline methods, validating the effectiveness of sport-specific architectural adaptations and multimodal data fusion strategies. The biomechanical analysis reveals quantitative relationships between technical movement patterns and asymmetry manifestations across different stroke types and age groups, confirming the critical intervention window during the 12-14-year developmental period.ConclusionThe proposed intelligent assessment system provides substantial practical value for training monitoring and injury prevention in youth sports, enabling coaches and sports medicine practitioners to implement data-driven personalized intervention strategies including contralateral limb strengthening programs and targeted corrective exercises before structural imbalances progress to clinical injury outcomes.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1716140</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1716140</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The associations between resting and total energy expenditure, physical activity, and thyroid hormone levels in adult females]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-31T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>S.A Sanduni Samudika De Alwis</author><author>Xueying Zhang</author><author>Huihui Mei</author><author>Xinyi Bi</author><author>Xinyue Ma</author><author>Ying Liu</author><author>Li Xue</author><author>Dehuang Kong</author><author>Lu Wang</author><author>Hongbo Wang</author><author>John R Speakman</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionPhysical activity (PA) costs energy. However, recent theory suggests the relationship of increasing PA to total energy expenditure (TEE) is non-linear because high levels of activity suppress resting metabolism mediated via changes in thyroid hormones (THs; T3- triiodothyronine, T4- thyroxine, fT3- free triiodothyronine, fT4 - free thyroxine, TSH - thyroid stimulating hormone).MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional study on 38 euthyroid females (NCT06377943) to examine the relationship between PA, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and TEE.  Multiple linear regression  and  Bootstrapped structural equation model were used to assessed whether THs statistically accounted for the association between PA and RMR.ResultsBootstrapped structural equation models indicated that PA was significantly associated with lower TH levels (β = –4.33, 95% CI [–8.51, –1.70], p = 0.011), while the association between THs and RMR was small and non-significant (β = 0.043, 95% CI [–0.02, 0.10], p = 0.16), resulting in a non-significant indirect effect (β = –0.19, 95% CI [–0.67, 0.08], p = 0.31). In multiple regression plots, physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and PA showed a trend toward significance (p = 0.07) when THs were added.ConclusionOverall, although PA was associated with modest changes in THs, these changes did not correspond to any detectable decrease in RMR.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1754825</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1754825</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Comparison of high-intensity interval training and small-sided games on physical fitness among players: a systematic review with meta-analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-31T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Systematic Review</category>
        <author>Yu Zeng</author><author>Xinzhi Wang</author><author>Kim Geok Soh</author><author>Shuzhen Ma</author><author>Yue Zhao</author><author>Wenchao Rong</author><author>Xinrui Zhang</author><author>Ningfei Wei</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundWith the continuous advancement of sports training methodologies, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and small-sided games (SSG) have emerged as crucial strategies for enhancing players’ physical fitness. However, the comparative effects of these training modalities on various fitness components and their underlying physiological adaptation mechanisms remain insufficiently explored.ObjectivesThis systematic review and meta-analysis aim to compare the overall impact of HIIT and SSG on players’ physical fitness and examine the moderating effects of different training parameters, including training frequency, intervention duration, players’ training experience, age, and gender. The findings seek to provide theoretical insights for optimising training protocols.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCOhost to identify relevant English-language randomised controlled trials that met predefined eligibility criteria. Hedges’ g was used as the effect size metric, and a random-effects model was applied for meta-analyses of power, speed, endurance, and agility. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess the influence of potential moderators.ResultsThe meta-analysis revealed that, compared to SSG, HIIT produced a small but statistically significant improvement in speed (ES = 0.564) and a moderate and statistically significant improvement in endurance (ES = 0.706). In contrast, gains in power (ES = −0.144) and agility (ES = −0.159) were trivial in magnitude and not statistically significant. Subgroup analyses indicated that lower training frequency (<3 sessions per week) and shorter intervention duration (<6 weeks) yielded significant improvements. Furthermore, players across different age groups benefited from HIIT, while sex did not exhibit a significant moderating effect.ConclusionThis systematic review and meta-analysis confirm that both HIIT and SSG effectively enhance players’ physical fitness, with HIIT demonstrating a distinct advantage in improving speed and endurance. Although HIIT showed relatively limited improvements in power and agility compared to SSG, both training modalities exert their effects through distinct physiological adaptation mechanisms. Subgroup analysis findings suggest that appropriately balancing training frequency and intervention duration is crucial for achieving optimal training outcomes. Future research should further investigate the long-term effects of these interventions to provide a more robust theoretical foundation for personalised training program design.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024555633.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1750722</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1750722</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The effects of shoulder extension angle on elbow flexor hypertrophy in the cable curl exercise]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-31T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Stian Larsen</author><author>Benjamin Sandvik Kristiansen</author><author>Nordis Østerås Sandberg</author><author>Andrea Bao Fredriksen</author><author>Roland van den Tillaar</author><author>Milo Wolf</author><author>Paul Alan Swinton</author><author>Hallvard Nygaard Falch</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This within-participant randomized study compared elbow flexor hypertrophy following cable curls performed in a neutral versus maximally extended shoulder position, with resistance profiles and elbow extension range of motion (ROM) matched between conditions. Thirty untrained men participated, with one arm assigned to train at the individualized peak shoulder extension angle and the contralateral arm at a neutral position. Twenty-four participants completed the intervention, which consisted of six to eight weekly sets of unilateral cable curls to momentary failure over 10 weeks under supervised conditions. Elbow flexor muscle thickness was assessed with ultrasonography at 50% and 70% of humerus length before and after the intervention. A Bayesian framework was used to estimate the average treatment effect (ATE) and quantify the strength of evidence with Bayes factors (BF). Both conditions produced increases in muscle thickness of approximately 7%–9%. Posterior distributions of the ATE were centered close to zero (Proximal/ATENeutral:Peak = −0.40 [95% CrI: −1.06 to 0.26 mm]; Distal/ATENeutral:Peak = 0.21 [95% CrI: −0.25–0.65 mm]), with BFs indicating anecdotal to moderate evidence in favor of the null hypothesis. These findings suggest that when resistance profiles, elbow ROM, and effort are matched, altering shoulder extension angle in isolation does not appear to produce meaningful differences in elbow flexor hypertrophy in untrained men over 10 weeks.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1793389</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1793389</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of exercise regimens on balance ability in older patients with osteoporosis: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-31T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Xiangyue Liu</author><author>Mengjing Chang</author><author>Huiyun Yuan</author><author>Xuemei Zheng</author><author>Wenling Tian</author><author>Dongwen Li</author><author>Dongfa Liao</author><author>Lin Cui</author>
        <description><![CDATA[To determine the optimal exercise regimen for improving balance and preventing severe falls in older patients with osteoporosis (OP). Four databases were searched until September 1, 2025. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane ROB2. Outcomes included Berg Balance Scale (BBS, primary), timed up and go test (TUG), bone mineral density (BMD), one-leg stand test (OLS), and number of falls. A Bayesian network meta-analysis in R4.4.1/GeMTC synthesized effects, presented as MD (95% CrI) and ranked by SUCRA. Analysis of 22 RCTs (n=1538) versus usual care showed virtual reality (VR) most effective for BBS (MD 9.2, 95% CrI 7.2, 11; SUCRA 99.66%) and TUG (MD -4.6, 95% CrI -5.8, -3.3; SUCRA 98.51%); balance training+resistance training+aerobics (BT + RT + aerobics) best improved BMD (MD 0.016, 95% CrI 0.012, 0.020; SUCRA 72.38%); trampoline best improved OLS (MD 8.8, 95% CrI 1.7, 5.5; SUCRA 72.38%); RT most significantly reduced falls (MD 0.29, 95% CrI 0.100, 0.68; SUCRA 84.86%). For older OP patients, VR is most effective in improving overall balance and mobility, with reliable evidence. Combination training, trampoline, and RT exhibit potential benefits for BMD, OLS, and fall prevention, respectively. Due to the limited amount of evidence and network strength, however, these interventions cannot yet be considered definitive clinical recommendations. More high-quality direct comparisons are required for further validation in the future.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1829914</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1829914</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Redox Physiology in Fish]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-31T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Slađan Pavlović</author><author>Gisele Cristina Favero</author><author>Mustafa Canli</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1745959</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1745959</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The effects of field-based repeatedsprint training on physical performance in soccer players: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Systematic Review</category>
        <author>Anqi Chen</author><author>Mingnan Zhuang</author><author>Zijing Huang</author><author>Liang Zhao</author><author>Leibo Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundRepeated sprint training (RST) on the field has been employed as a time-efficient training strategy to enhance key physical performance in soccer players, such as short-sprint ability and repeated sprint ability (RSA). However, existing evidence regarding the effects of RST on comprehensive physical performance remains inconsistent, with previous reviews limited by methodological heterogeneity and insufficient statistical power. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review and quantify the effects of field-based RST on multiple physical performance indicators in soccer players through a multilevel meta-analysis.MethodsThis study adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO. A systematic search was conducted across databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO from inception until August 2025. Randomized controlled trials comparing field-based RST with control training were included. Using the metafor package in R (version 4.2.1), a multilevel random-effects model was constructed to synthesize non-independent effect sizes and accurately estimate within-group correlations. Effect sizes were expressed as Hedges’ g with 95% confidence intervals. Parameters were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood, and the orchard package was employed for moderator analysis and result visualization. Heterogeneity was assessed via multilevel I2 statistics.ResultsA total of 17 RCTs (386 participants) were included. The analysis revealed that RST significantly improved short-sprint ability (g = −0.26, 95% CI [–0.50, −0.03], p = 0.03), RSA (g = −0.37, 95% CI [–0.67, −0.08], p = 0.02), change of direction (CoD) ability (g = −0.70, 95% CI [–1.14, −0.25], p < 0.01) and high-intensity running (HIR) performance (g = 0.97, 95% CI [0.50, 1.43], p < 0.01). In contrast, RST did not yield significant overall effects on vertical jump (VJ) performance (g = −0.07, 95% CI [–0.40, 0.25], p = 0.64) or aerobic capacity (g = 0.02, 95% CI [–0.45, 0.50], p = 0.87). Most outcomes exhibited low heterogeneity (I2 ≤ 25.7%), with only RSA and VJ performance showing low-to-moderate heterogeneity.ConclusionField-based RST effectively enhances short-sprint ability, RSA, CoD ability and HIR performance in soccer players. However, its limited effects on VJ performance, and aerobic capacity. Future research should focus on clarifying dose–response relationships and integrating sport-specific movements and individual characteristics to optimize training prescriptions.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1786733</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1786733</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Unilateral low-load blood flow restriction vs. high-load training in the Bulgarian split squat: a randomized within-subject design on strength, hypertrophy, and asymmetry]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yanfei Wang</author><author>Xinyuan Zhao</author><author>Lingfeng Zhang</author><author>Xin Gao</author><author>Zhanfei Zheng</author><author>Shoudu Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[PurposeTo compare the effects of a 6-week unilateral low-load blood flow restriction (LL-BFR) training protocol versus traditional high-load resistance training (HL-RT) on maximal strength, muscle hypertrophy, and explosive power in resistance-trained men.MethodsTwenty-four resistance-trained males (age: 21.0 ± 2.0 years) completed a randomized within-subject trial. Each participant performed unilateral Bulgarian split squats (BSS) with one leg assigned to LL-BFR (30% 1RM, 30-15-15–15 repetitions at 80% arterial occlusion pressure [AOP]) and the contralateral leg to HL-RT (80% 1RM, 4 sets of 10 repetitions). Training consisted of 18 sessions over 6 weeks. Variable assessments, including BSS 1RM, vastus lateralis (VL) muscle thickness, and single-leg countermovement jump (SLCMJ) height and relative peak power were conducted both before (pretests) and after (posttests) the intervention.ResultsBoth conditions resulted in significant time-dependent improvements in BSS 1RM (LL-BFR: +10.7%; HL-RT: +13.0%), VL muscle thickness (LL-BFR: +8.1%; HL-RT: +9.3%), and SLCMJ performance (height: +10.7–13.0%; relative peak power: +6.5–8.7%) (all P < 0.05). Crucially, no significant condition × time interactions were detected for any variable, indicating that the magnitude of adaptation was comparable between the LL-BFR and HL protocols. Additionally, training did not exacerbate inter-limb asymmetry.ConclusionsUnilateral LL-BFR and HL-RT produced similar time-dependent improvements in maximal strength, muscle hypertrophy, and explosive performance in resistance-trained men. LL-BFR may be considered as a joint-sparing option when high mechanical loading is not feasible or desirable.]]></description>
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