AUTHOR=Zhao Xinyu , Zhong Yi , Zhang Huanxin , Qu Tongfei , Jiang Yongshun , Tang Xuexi , Wang Ying 

TITLE=Cooperation Between Photosynthetic and Antioxidant Systems: An Important Factor in the Adaptation of Ulva prolifera to Abiotic Factors on the Sea Surface

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Plant Science

VOLUME=Volume 10 - 2019

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2019.00648

DOI=10.3389/fpls.2019.00648

ISSN=1664-462X

ABSTRACT=The largeLarge-scale green tide hastides have occurred continuously in the Yellow Sea of China from 2007 to 2018, and the causative species of the Yellow Sea green tide (YSGT) is Ulva prolifera. The thalli formedform floated thallus matmats, and the thalli from the top to the bottomdifferent layers of the thallus mat sufferedsuffer significantly under different environmental conditions. In the present research,study, the environmental conditions of the surface layer (SL), middle layer (ML), and lower layer (LL) of the thallus mat from mid-June (Stage I) to mid-July (Stage II) were simulated, and traits of photosynthetic traits and antioxidant systems were measured. ResultsThe results showed that (1) photoprotective [non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and cyclic electron transport (CEF)] and antioxidant systems both play important roles in U. proliferaprotecting against abiotic factors in U. prolifera. (2) Cooperation between NPQ and CEF appearedwas observed in the ML group, and CEF and the antioxidant system in those ofthe SL group work synergistically to protect the thalli. Furthermore, an inferred spatiotemporal attribute aboutregarding the YSGT wasis presented: the significant changes ofin abiotic factors on the sea surface can easily affect the thalli of SL and ML from mid-June to mid-July, and those of LL can be affected in mid-July. Cooperation and This cooperation combined with the spatiotemporal attributes explain whyoffers an explanation for the annual occurrence of the YSGT recurs annually..