AUTHOR=Li Yuying , Zhang Yanfei , Li Chaonan , Chen Xin , Yang Lili , Zhang Jie , Wang Jingyi , Li Long , Reynolds Matthew P. , Jing Ruilian , Mao Xinguo , Wang Chenyang 

TITLE=Transcription Factor TaWRKY51 Is a Positive Regulator in Root Architecture and Grain Yield Contributing Traits

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Plant Science

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2021

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.734614

DOI=10.3389/fpls.2021.734614

ISSN=1664-462X

ABSTRACT=Wheat is one of the staple food crops. Utilization of elite genetic resources to develop resource-efficient wheat varieties is an effective approach to deal with the challenges of climate change and population growth. WRKY transcription factors are multifaceted regulators of plant growth and development and response to environmental stress. Previous studies have shown that TaWRKY51 positively regulates the development of lateral roots, while its roles in agronomic trait development is not clear, and there is no functional marker for molecular breeding. To bridge the gap, we cloned the three members of TaWRKY51 and found they were highly expressed in roots and flag leaves at flowering stage and were induced by multiple abiotic stresses and phytohormones. The highest expression level was observed in TaWRKY51-2D, followed by TaWRKY51-2A and -2B. Two haplotypes/alleles for each member were identified in the natural populations, and functional markers were developed accordingly. Association assays revealed that Hap-2A-I was an elite haplotype for large spike, Hap-2B-II and allele-G were favorable haplotype/allele for long root. However, only Hap-2A-I was selected in wheat breeding in China. The results of transgenic experiments showed that the rice lines overexpressing TaWRKY51 had large panicle, high thousand-grain-weight, and more crown and lateral roots, which further confirmed the results of association analysis. In short, TaWRKY51 is a positive regulator of the root architecture and grain yield contributing traits. The elite gene resources and functional markers may be utilized in marker assisted selection for high-yield breeding in wheat.