AUTHOR=Cheng Shuyang , Wang Yizhou 

TITLE=Subcellular trafficking and post-translational modification regulate PIN polarity in plants

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Plant Science

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.923293

DOI=10.3389/fpls.2022.923293

ISSN=1664-462X

ABSTRACT=Auxin regulates plant growth and tropism response. As a phytohormone, auxin is transported between its synthesis sites and action sites. Most natural auxin moves between cells via a polar transport system which is mediated by PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin exporters. PIN proteins are asymmetrically localized within cells to determine the directionality of intercellular auxin flow. Different internal cues and external stimuli can modulate PIN polar distribution and activity through multiple levels, including transcription, protein stability, subcellular trafficking and post-translational modification, and thus regulate auxin-distribution-dependent development. Thus, there is a complicated network in the different regulation levels of PINs polarity. For example, the post-translational modification of PINs can affect the subcellular trafficking factors. In this review, we will focus on subcellular trafficking and post-translational modification of PINs to summarize the recent understanding of PINs polarity.