AUTHOR=Holzhausen Anja , Nowak Petra , Ballot Andreas , Becker Ralf , Gebert Jasmina , Gregor Thomas , Karol Kenneth G. , Lambert Elisabeth , Pérez William , Raabe Uwe , Schneider Susanne C. , Stewart Nick , van de Weyer Klaus , Wilde Volker , Schubert Hendrik 

TITLE=Plastid DNA sequences and oospore characters of some European taxa of Tolypella section Tolypella (Characeae) identify five clusters, including one new cryptic Tolypella taxon from Sardinia, but they do not coincide with current morphological descriptions

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Plant Science

VOLUME=Volume 14 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1096181

DOI=10.3389/fpls.2023.1096181

ISSN=1664-462X

ABSTRACT=In Europe, the genus Tolypella (Characeae) comprises four to eight Tolypella species in sections Rothia and Tolypella that have been distinguished by vegetative morphology and gametangial characters such as antheridial size and oospore wall ornamentation. However, morphological species differentiation is difficult in some cases due to overlapping and variable vegetative features, which in many cases are difficult to observe clearly. 
To clarify the taxonomic status of the five European species of Tolypella in section Tolypella, sequence data of the plastid genes atpB, rbcL and psbC for Tolypella glomerata (Desv.) Leonh., Tolypella hispanica Allen, Tolypella nidifica (O.F. Müll.) A. Braun, Tolypella normaniana (Nordst.) Nordst. and Tolypella salina Cor. were combined with data on oospore morphology, including oospore wall ornamentation. 
Gene sequence data identified five distinct clusters, but they were not consistent with the morphologically identified five species. T. glomerata consisted of some of the samples morphologically identified as T. glomerata and seven samples of T. normaniana, while the remaining T. glomerata samples clustered with specimens of unclear affiliation (Tolypella. sp.). We identified two clusters of T. hispanica within the European material: cluster T. hispanica I consisted of samples from various locations, whereas the second cluster (T. hispanica II) consisted of samples of T. hispanica from the Mediterranean island, Sardinia. The remaining cluster consisted of all the specimens that had been determined as T. salina or T. nidifica in addition to two specimens of T. normaniana. Oospore morphology was most clearly distinguishable for T. glomerata. Oospore characteristics for all other taxa were not as informative but showed some geographical and/or environmentally influenced differences, especially for T. nidifica and T. salina. 
Our results suggest a significantly different taxonomy of Tolypella sect. Tolypella in which specimens normally identified as T. glomerata might be two different species, T. glomerata and an unidentified species; T. nidifica and T. salina are not separate species; T. normaniana is a diminutive variant of twodifferent Tolypella species; and T. hispanica comprises two different species, one from the Mediterranean island Sardinia.