AUTHOR=Wei Junjun , Yao Chuanchun , Zhu Zonghe , Gao Zhimou , Yang Guogen , Pan Yuemin 

TITLE=Nitrate reductase is required for sclerotial development and virulence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Plant Science

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1096831

DOI=10.3389/fpls.2023.1096831

ISSN=1664-462X

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</italic>, the causal agent of Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) on more than 450 plant species, is a notorious fungal pathogen. Nitrate reductase (NR) is required for nitrate assimilation that mediates the reduction of nitrate to nitrite and is the major enzymatic source for NO production in fungi. To explore the possible effects of nitrate reductase SsNR on the development, stress response, and virulence of <italic>S. sclerotiorum</italic>, RNA interference (RNAi) of <italic>SsNR</italic> was performed. The results showed that <italic>SsNR</italic>-silenced mutants showed abnormity in mycelia growth, sclerotia formation, infection cushion formation, reduced virulence on rapeseed and soybean with decreased oxalic acid production. Furthermore <italic>SsNR</italic>-silenced mutants are more sensitive to abiotic stresses such as Congo Red, SDS, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and NaCl. Importantly, the expression levels of pathogenicity-related genes <italic>SsGgt1</italic>, <italic>SsSac1</italic>, and <italic>SsSmk3</italic> are down-regulated in <italic>SsNR</italic>-silenced mutants, while <italic>SsCyp</italic> is up-regulated. In summary, phenotypic changes in the gene silenced mutants indicate that SsNR plays important roles in the mycelia growth, sclerotia development, stress response and fungal virulence of <italic>S. sclerotiorum</italic>.</p>