AUTHOR=Li Baoxin , Pan Mengting , Wu Dezheng , Zheng Zhimin , Pei Dong 

TITLE=Escaping endogenous miRNA post-transcriptional silencing of JrGRF4b enhanced transformation efficiency in woody plants

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Plant Science

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1629166

DOI=10.3389/fpls.2025.1629166

ISSN=1664-462X

ABSTRACT=The stable expression of transgenes was critically influenced by post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in transgenic plants. In this study, we investigated the influence of endogenous miRNA-mediated silencing on heterologous gene expression by introducing walnut (Juglans regia L.)-derived Growth-Regulating Factors 4 (JrGRF4b), disrupting miR396-mediated silencing of replace-JrGRF4b (rJrGRF4b), and Jr-miR396a into birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.). While JrGRF4b overexpression showed no significant improvement in transformation efficiency due to Bp-miR396-mediated suppression, transgenic lines expressing rJrGRF4b exhibited a 2.53% increase in transformation efficiency, along with significantly enhanced callus diameter, adventitious bud height, root elongation, cellular expansion, and shoot primordia proliferation compared to control (**p<0.01). In contrast, Jr-miR396a-overexpressing plants displayed growth inhibition through suppression of endogenous BpGRFs. The results showed that escaping endogenous miRNA regulation by targeted site modification of rJrGRF4b significantly improved transgene performance in woody plants. Thus, comprehensive evaluation of post-transcriptional epigenetic regulation between transgenes and endogenous miRNAs in recipient plants was demonstrated to be important, and targeted escape from such miRNA-mediated suppression was shown to ensure stable and high-efficiency transgene expression.