AUTHOR=Kurth Florian , Levitt Jennifer G. , Gaser Christian , Alger Jeffry , Loo Sandra K. , Narr Katherine L. , O’Neill Joseph , Luders Eileen TITLE=Preliminary evidence for a lower brain age in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychiatry VOLUME=13 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1019546 DOI=10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1019546 ISSN=1664-0640 ABSTRACT=
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a debilitating disorder with apparent roots in abnormal brain development. Here, we quantified the level of individual brain maturation in children with ADHD using structural neuroimaging and a recently developed machine learning algorithm. More specifically, we compared the BrainAGE index between three groups matched for chronological age (mean ± SD: 11.86 ± 3.25 years): 89 children diagnosed with ADHD, 34 asymptomatic siblings of those children with ADHD, and 21 unrelated healthy control children. Brains of children with ADHD were estimated significantly younger (−0.85 years) than brains of healthy controls (Cohen’s