AUTHOR=Liu Jingran , Wen Fang , Yan Junjuan , Yu Liping , Wang Fang , Wang Duo , Zhang Jishui , Yan Chunmei , Chu Jiahui , Li Yanlin , Li Ying , Cui Yonghua TITLE=Gray Matter Alterations in Pediatric Schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry Studies JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychiatry VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2022 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.785547 DOI=10.3389/fpsyt.2022.785547 ISSN=1664-0640 ABSTRACT=Objective: The aim of this study is comparing grey matter alterations in SCZ patients with those suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) based on a systematic review and an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Elsevier, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). A systematic review and an ALE meta-analysis were performed to quantitatively examine brain gray matter alterations. Results: Children and adolescents with schizophrenia had decreased gray matter volume (GMV) mainly in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), temporal cortex (such as the middle temporal gyrus and transverse temporal gyrus), and insula, while children and adolescents with OCD mainly had increased GMV in the PFC and decreased GMV in the parietal cortex (including the lentiform nucleus and caudate nucleus). Conclusions: Our results suggest that gray matter abnormalities in the PFC may indicate homogeneity between the two diseases. In children and adolescents, structural alterations in schizophrenia mainly involve the fronto-temporal and cortico-insula circuits, whereas those in OCD mainly involve the prefrontal-parietal and the prefrontal-striatal circuits.