Front. Psychiatry Frontiers in Psychiatry Front. Psychiatry 1664-0640 Frontiers Media S.A. 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1396070 Psychiatry Correction Corrigendum: Reevaluating hikikomori and challenging loneliness assumptions in Japan: A cross-sectional analysis of a nationwide internet sample Yong Roseline * Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan

Edited and Reviewed by: Lené Levy-Storms, University of California, Los Angeles, United States

*Correspondence: Roseline Yong, roselineyong@med.akita-u.ac.jp

07 05 2024 2024 15 1396070 05 03 2024 17 04 2024 Copyright © 2024 Yong 2024 Yong

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 A Corrigendum on Reevaluating hikikomori and challenging loneliness assumptions in Japan: A cross-sectional analysis of a nationwide internet sample By Yong R (2024). Front. Psychiatry 15:1323846. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1323846 loneliness hikikomori social withdrawal outgoing behaviors mental health cross-sectional secondary analysis nationwide sample section-in-acceptance Public Mental Health

In the published article, there was an error in the Title. Instead of “Reevaluating hikikomori: challenging assumptions and redefining loneliness in Japan”, it should be “Reevaluating hikikomori and challenging loneliness assumptions in Japan: A cross-sectional analysis of a nationwide internet sample”.

In the published article, there was an error in the Affiliations. Instead of “Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita, Japan”, it should be “Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan”.

In the published article, there was an error in the Abstract, Paragraph 2. This sentence previously stated: “A sample of 623 participants, representative of Japanese internet users aged 16 and above, underwent factor analysis.”

The corrected sentence appears below:

“A sample of 623 participants, representative of Japanese internet users aged 16 and above, was included for analysis.”

In the published article, there was an error in the Keywords. Instead of “loneliness, hikikomori, social withdrawal, outgoing behaviors, mental health”, the keywords should be “loneliness, hikikomori, social withdrawal, outgoing behaviors, mental health, cross-sectional, secondary analysis, nationwide sample”.

In the published article, there was an error in Table 2 , column 4, row 7. The high score for ‘Killing time’, rarely/never, was incorrectly captured as “25 (146%)”. The correct score is “25 (14.6%)”.

In the published article, there was an error in Table 2 , column 3, row 47. The low score for ‘P2P and FTP’, sometimes, was incorrectly captured as “42 (11.5%)”. The correct score is “52 (11.5%)”.

In the published article, there was an error in Table 2 , column 3, row 53. The low score for ‘Online survey or quiz’, sometimes, was incorrectly captured as “78 (7.3%)”. The correct score is “78 (17.3%)”.

In the published article, there was an error in Table 2 , column 3, row 60. The low score for ‘Online shopping/auctions’, often/always, was incorrectly captured as “179 (29.6%)”. The correct score is “179 (39.6%)”.

The corrected Table 2 appears below:

Distributions of UCLA loneliness scores among different Internet use habits.

UCLA loneliness scores Mean SD Eta squared
lower scores higher scores p value
Official purpose (study/work) rarely/never 211 (46.7%) 72 (42.1%) 0.238 43.0 12.1 0.00
sometimes 81 (17.9%) 26 (15.2%) 41.9 12.0
often/always 160 (35.4%) 73 (42.7%) 41.8 12.2
Stress release rarely/never 201 (44.5%) 60 (35.1%) 0.001 40.9 12.0 0.02
sometimes 128 (28.3%) 38 (22.2%) 42.2 10.2
often/always 123 (27.2%) 73 (42.7%) 44.4 13.6
Killing time rarely/never 105 (23.2%) 25 (14.6%) 0.005 38.9 10.6 0.03
sometimes 123 (27.2%) 37 (21.6%) 41.8 10.3
often/always 224 (49.6%) 109 (63.7%) 44.0 13.2
Communication rarely/never 223 (49.3%) 96 (56.1%) 0.267 43.7 12.3 0.02
sometimes 116 (25.7%) 41 (24%) 42.0 11.7
often/always 113 (25%) 34 (19.9%) 39.8 11.8
Associating rarely/never 359 (78.8%) 128 (74.9%) 0.026 42.2 12.3 0.00
sometimes 59 (13.1%) 17 (9.9%) 41.8 11.4
often/always 37 (8.2%) 26 (15.2%) 44.4 11.9
Expanding hobbies and network of friends rarely/never 341 (75.4%) 132 (77.2%) 0.549 42.6 12.2 0.00
sometimes 56 (12.4%) 16 (9.4%) 41.3 10.0
often/always 55 (12.2%) 23 (13.5%) 41.8 13.7
Resourcing rarely/never 26 (5.8%) 5 (2.9%) 0.258 42.1 8.7 0.00
sometimes 59 (13.1%) 19 (11.1%) 42.6 11.0
often/always 367 (81.2%) 147 (86%) 42.4 12.5
Sharing problems rarely/never 376 (83.2%) 135 (78.9%) 0.46 42.0 12.2 0.01
sometimes 50 (11.1%) 23 (13.5%) 44.1 11.1
often/always 26 (5.8%) 13 (7.6%) 44.5 12.6
Building community network rarely/never 388 (85.8%) 153 (89.5%) 0.421 42.8 12.4 0.01
sometimes 27 (6%) 9 (5.3%) 40.6 9.5
often/always 37 (8.2%) 9 (5.3%) 38.7 10.6
Online dating rarely/never 441 (97.6%) 158 (92.4%) 0.011 42.1 12.1 0.01
sometimes 5 (1.1%) 5 (2.9%) 47.5 10.4
often/always 6 (1.3%) 8 (4.7%) 50.6 12.9
Assessing pornography rarely/never 371 (82.1%) 121 (70.8%) 0.008 41.5 11.9 0.02
sometimes 49 (10.8%) 31 (18.1%) 45.4 12.5
often/always 32 (7.1%) 19 (11.1%) 45.8 13.0
Using anonymous online bulletin boards (2ch etc.) rarely/never 316 (69.9%) 93 (54.4%) <.001 40.9 11.3 0.03
sometimes 87 (19.2%) 40 (23.4%) 44.0 12.2
often/always 49 (10.8%) 38 (22.2%) 46.9 14.4
Blogging and SNS rarely/never 219 (48.5%) 83 (48.5%) 0.894 42.3 12.1 0.00
sometimes 86 (19%) 35 (20.5%) 43.3 11.4
often/always 147 (32.5%) 53 (31%) 41.9 12.7
Release personal updates and work presentations rarely/never 380 (84.1%) 139 (81.3%) 0.246 42.4 12.2 0.00
sometimes 32 (7.1%) 19 (11.1%) 44.2 11.7
often/always 40 (8.8%) 13 (7.6%) 40.6 11.8
Assessing Youtube/iTunes etc. rarely/never 210 (46.5%) 54 (31.6%) 0.003 40.8 11.0 0.01
sometimes 114 (25.2%) 53 (31%) 44.1 12.3
often/always 128 (28.3%) 64 (37.4%) 43.1 13.3
P2P and FTP rarely/never 364 (80.5%) 128 (74.9%) 0.298 42.3 12.4 0.00
sometimes 52 (11.5%) 25 (14.6%) 42.7 10.3
often/always 36 (8%) 18 (10.5%) 42.6 12.7
Online gaming rarely/never 382 (84.5%) 134 (78.4%) 0.05 41.9 12.2 0.01
sometimes 43 (9.5%) 17 (9.9%) 43.5 10.7
often/always 27 (6%) 20 (11.7%) 46.0 12.8
Online survey or quiz rarely/never 27 (6%) 12 (7%) 0.891 46.0 12.6 0.01
sometimes 78 (17.3%) 29 (17%) 42.2 11.7
often/always 347 (76.8%) 130 (76%) 42.1 12.2
Financial transaction rarely/never 227 (50.2%) 96 (56.1%) 0.294 43.2 12.5 0.01
sometimes 110 (24.3%) 41 (24%) 42.9 11.6
often/always 115 (25.4%) 34 (19.9%) 40.0 11.7
Online shopping/auctions rarely/never 99 (21.9%) 33 (19.3%) 0.393 41.6 10.8 0.00
sometimes 174 (38.5%) 60 (35.1%) 42.5 11.6
often/always 179 (39.6%) 78 (45.6%) 42.7 13.2

Chi-square test were used to explore the relationship between loneliness and various everyday internet use habits. To ensure the validity of our statistical tests, the homogeneity of variances using Levene’s and Welch’s tests were assessed. One-way ANOVA to facilitate the comparison of means. Effect sizes, employing Cohen’s classification for eta-squared were calculated to gauge the magnitude of effects, small (.01), medium (.06), or large (.14). (N=623).

The author apologizes for these errors and states that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.

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