AUTHOR=Shiroma China , Ueno Keita , Ueda Masaya , Inoue Takao , Hata Masahiro , Takahashi Shun , Shiraiwa Keigo , Orui Junya , Tazaki Fumie , Naito Yasuo , Ishii Ryouhei 

TITLE=Toward objective biomarkers in psychiatric rehabilitation: detecting the “Berger Effect” with a sheet-type EEG device

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychiatry

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1503715

DOI=10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1503715

ISSN=1664-0640

ABSTRACT=For individuals undergoing psychiatric rehabilitation, there is an urgent need to establish an objective biomarker of brain activity without invasive or behavioral restrictions. To investigate an objective index for potential psychiatric rehabilitation assessment and intervention strategies in the future, we tried to detect the “Berger effect”, the alpha EEG reactivity to eyes opening, and to verify the suitability of a sheet-type electroencephalography (EEG) device, HARU-1. We measured EEG of 20 healthy young to middle-aged subjects using HARU-1 from the forehead area during resting closed-eye and open-eye conditions. Fast Fourier transform and time-frequency analysis were then performed on the data from all subjects in the resting closed-eye and resting open-eye conditions. Statistical analysis found that the reference electrode derivation method showed a significant increase in alpha waves and a significant decrease in beta and gamma waves in the three forehead channels of Fp1, Fp2 and AFz during the resting closed eye condition compared to the resting open eye condition. In the bipolar derivation method, all Fp1-AFz, Fp2-Fp1 and AFz-Fp2 showed a significant decrease in the β and γ bands at approximately 13–50 Hz. These results demonstrated that HARU-1 accurately measured the “Berger effect” in the forehead region, suggesting that HARU-1 may be useful in detecting objective biomarkers of brain activity during psychiatric rehabilitation.