AUTHOR=Newell Karl M. , Rovegno Inez 

TITLE=Teaching Children’s Motor Skills for Team Games Through Guided Discovery: How Constraints Enhance Learning

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychology

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2021

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.724848

DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2021.724848

ISSN=1664-1078

ABSTRACT=In this paper we examine the role of instructional strategies as constraints within a
22 discovery learning framework for the teaching of open skill team ball games to elementary
23 school-aged children. The cohesive and adaptive integration of constraints (individual,
24 environment, and task) by practitioners of movement and physical activity (instructor, teacher,
25 coach) is proposed as the pathway to exploiting the effectiveness of guided discovery learning.
26 The qualitative analysis of the practical instantiations of this framework by expert teachers is
27 examined with respect to the learning of open skill team invasion games (e.g., basketball,
28 soccer). The primary constraints to action in this learning-teaching developmental framework
29 are coordinated so as to keep the self-organization of skill development (movement pattern and
30 tactics) continually evolving, while preserving the child’s motivation and enjoyment for the
31 expanding repertoire and performance capacity of his/her perceptual-motor skills. In this open
32 skill and elementary school age-related context, generality and specificity are both necessary and
33 complementary in the expression of task, skill and practice influences on motor learning and
34 performance