AUTHOR=Yang Hairu , Cai Minghan , Diao Yongfeng , Liu Rui , Liu Ling , Xiang Qianchen 

TITLE=How does interactive virtual reality enhance learning outcomes via emotional experiences? A structural equation modeling approach

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychology

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2022

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1081372

DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1081372

ISSN=1664-1078

ABSTRACT=Interest in interactive virtual reality (VR) is increasing due to its potential for embodied learning and group-led teaching. However, few studies have investigated the internal mechanism by which interactive VR technology features and learning experiences affect learning outcomes in terms of psychological and emotional value. Based on media technology models and the control value theory of achievement emotions (CVTAE), this study uses structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the correlations among the internal elements of interactive VR technology features, learning experiences, and learning outcomes. It also emphasizes the role played by emotional experience in this context. The sample referenced by this study consisted of 480 college students (193 males) who were simultaneously engaged in guided inquiry and learning in an interactive VR-based COVID-19 pandemic science museum in groups of 10. The findings suggest that presence and perceived enjoyment have a key mediating effect on the relationship between VR features and perceived learning outcomes in an interactive VR-based learning simulation. In addition, the results indicate that presence is more strongly correlated with perceived learning effects, while enjoyment is more strongly correlated with learning satisfaction. These findings provide intellectual support and theoretical backing for VR-based instructional design and environmental development. Moreover, this study has practical value with regard to the future large-scale application of interactive VR to experiential teaching, group-led teaching, and the promotion of the digital transformation and intelligence upgrading in education.