AUTHOR=Queirolo Luca , Fazia Teresa , Roccon Andrea , Pistollato Elisa , Gatti Luigi , Bernardinelli Luisa , Zanette Gastone , Berrino Franco 

TITLE=Effects of forest bathing (Shinrin-yoku) in stressed people

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychology

VOLUME=Volume 15 - 2024

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1458418

DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1458418

ISSN=1664-1078

ABSTRACT=<sec id="sec1"><title>Aim</title><p>This study aims to explore the physiological effect of forest bathing on stress management.</p></sec><sec id="sec2"><title>Methods</title><p>A total of 29 volunteers participated in this pre-post design, which lacked a control group. Several physiological parameters were recorded, including heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), electrodermal activity (EDA), blood pressure (BP), immunoglobulin A (IGA), and salivary cortisol (sCort). Additionally, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) was administered before forest exposure. Measurements were taken before and after participants spent 2 days fully immersed in a forest environment. To further assess stress management, participants completed a Mental Arithmetic Task (MAT) before and after forest immersion, during which EDA, HRV, and HR were monitored using an Empatica E4 wristband. Measurements were taken at baseline, during MAT, and afterward (recovery).</p></sec><sec id="sec3"><title>Results</title><p>Participants exhibited moderate perceived stress levels before forest immersion (mean PSS-10 = 21.22, SD = 3.78). Post-forest exposure, there was a significant decrease in sCort (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05) and EDA (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), while HRV increased (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure rose (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). ANOVA results from the MAT showed a significant increase in parasympathetic activity across all conditions post-immersion (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05), except during recovery, while EDA decreased in all conditions post-forest exposure (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05).</p></sec><sec id="sec4"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Shinrin-yoku significantly improved stress management at a physiological level and could be a valuable intervention for individuals experiencing stress. However, longitudinal studies with a control group are necessary to determine whether these effects are sustained over time. Nonetheless, this study highlights the potential benefits of forest immersion for stress reduction by enhancing sympathovagal balance and the adaptability of the stress response system.</p></sec>