AUTHOR=Yoo Kieun , Kim Eunha 

TITLE=Qualitative study on the virtual reality-based empty-chair technique in middle-aged South Korean men

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychology

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1559171

DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1559171

ISSN=1664-1078

ABSTRACT=IntroductionThe gestalt empty-chair technique facilitates dialog between clients and an imagined person or aspect of themselves to explore and resolve emotions or conflicts. Although it has proven to be therapeutic, middle-aged South Korean men may find its traditional format uncomfortable because of cultural norms and traditional gender roles that discourage emotional expression. This study explored the perceptions of a virtual reality (VR)-based adaptation of the empty-chair technique.MethodsFourteen middle-aged South Korean men (aged 40–59 years) participated in sessions involving interaction with a virtual representation of their younger selves in a VR environment, followed by in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using Smith’s Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to reveal participants’ lived experiences.ResultsThree positive experience domains emerged: “emotional reactions from meeting my childhood self,” “shifting attitudes toward the self,” and the “advantages of using VR.” Conversely, three negative experience domains were identified: “difficulty revisiting childhood without constraints,” “elements that disrupted immersion,” and “areas for improvement.”DiscussionThe findings highlight the potential of the VR-based empty-chair technique as a counseling tool for middle-aged men, offering innovative ways to overcome the limitations of the traditional approach.