AUTHOR=Zhao Yichang , Zhu Aiqing , Zhang Siyue , Zhang Yibo 

TITLE=Comparison of the temporal and technical-tactical characteristics in badminton men’s singles under different competition formats

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychology

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1634776

DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1634776

ISSN=1664-1078

ABSTRACT=IntroductionThis study compared temporal structures, technical–tactical applications and scoring patterns between men’s singles matches played under two formats at the 2024 BWF World Youth Championships: an individual event (21-point system) and a team event (11-point relay system).MethodsA total of 40 matches were analyzed, with 20 matches for each competition format. Each match consisted of two sets, resulting in a total of 80 sets containing 22,283 batting actions, and each batting action was treated as an independent analytical unit.ResultsTeam matches were substantially shorter in overall duration, with large reductions in total playing time, rest intervals and whole-game length. In contrast, no significant differences emerged for rally-level indicators—shots per rally, time per stroke or rest between rallies—indicating that competitive intensity within rallies remained comparable. Technically, individual matches featured more net-based strokes such as spinning net shots and lifts to create attacking chances, whereas team matches favored safer choices like drop shots and interceptions. Scoring patterns diverged accordingly: unforced errors dominated in individual matches, whereas forced errors were more prevalent in the team event.DiscussionThe 11-point relay system therefore maintains rally intensity while shortening total match time, lessening physical load and heightening psychological demands. The findings offer empirical guidance for youth competition reform and coach education.