AUTHOR=Muleme James , Kankya Clovice , Ssempebwa John C. , Mazeri Stella , Muwonge Adrian 

TITLE=A Framework for Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Data in Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Studies: A Case Study of Pesticide Usage in Eastern Uganda

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Public Health

VOLUME=Volume 5 - 2017

YEAR=2017

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00318

DOI=10.3389/fpubh.2017.00318

ISSN=2296-2565

ABSTRACT=Background: Knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) studies guide the implementation of public health interventions (PHIs) and are important tools for political persuasion.  The design and implementation of PHIs assumes a linear KAP relationship i.e. an awareness campaign results in the desirable societal behavioral change. However, there is no robust framework for testing this relationship before and after PHIs. Here we use qualitative and quantitative data on pesticide usage to test this linear relationship, identify associated context specific factors as well as assemble a framework that could be used to guide and evaluate PHIs.

Methods: We used data from a cross-sectional mixed methods study on pesticide usage. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 167 households representing 1002 individuals. Qualitative data were collected from key informant and focus group discussions. Data analysis was done in R 3.2.0 as well as qualitative thematic analysis. 

Results and conclusion: Our framework shows that a KAP linear relationship only existed for household with a low knowledge score, suggesting that an awareness campaign would only be effective for  ~37% of the households. Context specific socio-economic factors explain why this relationship does not hold for households with high knowledge scores. These findings are essential for developing targeted cost-effective and sustainable intervention on pesticide usage and other PHIs with context specific modifications.