AUTHOR=Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Gianfredi Vincenza , Villarini Milena , Rosselli Roberto , Nasr Ahmed , Hussein Amr , Martini Mariano , Behzadifar Masoud 

TITLE=Vaccines Meet Big Data: State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects. From the Classical 3Is (“Isolate–Inactivate–Inject”) Vaccinology 1.0 to Vaccinology 3.0, Vaccinomics, and Beyond: A Historical Overview

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Public Health

VOLUME=Volume 6 - 2018

YEAR=2018

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00062

DOI=10.3389/fpubh.2018.00062

ISSN=2296-2565

ABSTRACT=Vaccines are public health interventions aimed at preventing infections-related mortality, morbidity and disability. While vaccines have been successfully designed for those infectious diseases preventable by pre-existing neutralizing specific antibodies, for other communicable diseases, additional immunological mechanisms should be elicited in order to achieve a full protection. “New vaccines” are particularly urgent in the nowadays society, in which economic growth, globalization, and immigration are leading to the emergence/re-emergence of old and new infectious agents at the animal-human interface. Conventional vaccinology (the so-called “vaccinology 1.0”) was officially born in 1796 thanks to the contribution of Edward Jenner. Entering the XXI century, vaccinology has shifted from a classical discipline in which serendipity and the Pasteurian principle of the 3 Is (isolate, inactivate, inject) played a major role to a science, characterized by a rational design and plan (“vaccinology 3.0”). This shift has been possible thanks to Big Data, characterized by different dimensions, such as high volume, velocity and variety of data. Big Data sources include new cutting-edge, high-throughput technologies, electronic registries, social media and social networks, among others. The current mini-review aims at exploring the potential roles as well as pitfalls and challenges of Big Data in shaping the future vaccinology, moving towards a tailored and personalized vaccine design and administration.