AUTHOR=Reichel Jennifer L. , Rigotti Thomas , Tibubos Ana Nanette , Werner Antonia M. , Schäfer Markus , Edelmann Dennis , Pfirrmann Daniel , Deci Nicole , Beutel Manfred E. , Stark Birgit , Simon Perikles , Letzel Stephan , Dietz Pavel 

TITLE=Challenge Accepted! a Critical Reflection on How to Perform a Health Survey Among University Students—An Example of the Healthy Campus Mainz Project

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Public Health

VOLUME=Volume 9 - 2021

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.616437

DOI=10.3389/fpubh.2021.616437

ISSN=2296-2565

ABSTRACT=Background: Universities represent an important setting of everyday life for health promotion. The Healthy Campus Mainz project aims to develop an evidence-based and comprehensive student health management program covering physical, mental, and social health promotion. Hence, an initial health survey was performed in order to identify students’ health concerns and resources. Up till now, it remains unclear which topics to choose in a health survey among university students and which strategies can be recommended to receive an acceptable response rate or representative student sample within a university setting. The present paper contributes to the "methods for health assessment" mentioned in the call for the present research topic. Therefore, the current paper aims to give an empirical example of how to perform a health survey among university students, focusing on 1. choosing topics for the survey and 2. methodological considerations of how to reach the target population. 
Methods: An online questionnaire including around 270 items was developed covering a comprehensive set of health topics. Participants were recruited via university email. Mixed channels for survey promotion, such as lecture visits and social media were used accompanied by different monetary and non-monetary incentives. Descriptive analyses were performed to describe the sample. 
Results: 5,006 participants (out of 31,213 registered students) viewed the first page of the questionnaire of whom 4,714 continued further. After manual data cleaning according to predefined criteria, the final sample was 4,351, demonstrating a response rate of 13.9%. Students from different study disciplines participated. However, some study disciplines showed a low participation rate, hence, making the results not free from some bias. 
Discussion: This survey is exceptional as it integrates a great variety of health aspects. The incentive strategy demonstrated promising results. Future research should try to improve target group specific recruitment strategies for traditionally underrepresented groups such as males and specific study disciplines. This would include to advance marketing strategies, but also to refine the incentive strategy.