AUTHOR=Balasubramani Karuppusamy , Paulson Winnie , Chellappan Savitha , Ramachandran Ramakrishnan , Behera Sujit Kumar , Balabaskaran Nina Praveen 

TITLE=Epidemiology, Hot Spots, and Sociodemographic Risk Factors of Alcohol Consumption in Indian Men and Women: Analysis of National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), a Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Public Health

VOLUME=Volume 9 - 2021

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617311

DOI=10.3389/fpubh.2021.617311

ISSN=2296-2565

ABSTRACT=Objectives:
To map the alcohol hot spots and understand the Socio-Demographic Indices (SDI) affecting alcohol consumption in Indian men and women.
Methods:
Data from National Family Health Survey-4 carried out from 2015-2016 with a sample size of 103 411 men and 699 686 women were used for Geographic Information System mapping, and hot spot identification by spatial statistics (Getis-OrdGi*). Bivariate analyses and binary logistic regression were used to analyse SDI. 
Results:
India has three major alcohol hot spots: (1) North East (NE) states, (2) Eastern Peninsular states formed by Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Jharkhand and Telangana, and (3) Southern states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Hot spot analysis strongly correlated with region-wise analysis of SDI. Except for religion and social category, other socio-economic factors have a low to moderate effect on alcohol consumption.
Conclusions:
Hot spots and high risk districts of alcohol consumption identified in this study can guide public health policies for targeted intervention. Alcohol use is at the discretion of individual states and union territories, and stringent anti-alcohol policies strictly enforced across India is the key to control alcohol use.