Due to the continuous efforts of the Chinese government in formulating and implementing TCMDPs for a long time, TCM has been well integrated into the health care system and has gradually played an essential role in improving public health in China (19). However, after reviewing the literature, we roughly found that although the number of previous studies about TCMDPs was small and the Chinese literature was more abundantly documented than that of global literature, the related research perspectives and contents were relatively diverse. For example, Zhu et al. (20) analyzed the interventions of TCMDPs in constructing the new rural cooperative medical care system in various historical stages in China with the help of historical comparison methods and summed up some realistic factors that may affect the efficiency of the system. Wang et al. (21) combed and analyzed nearly 30 TCMDPs issued since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012 and introduced in detail the historical opportunities these policies brought to the future TCM development. Wang et al. (22), based on the content analysis methods, studied the TCMDPs involving the appraisal of senior professional titles of health workers and revealed the differences of TCMDPs among provinces and the problems related to the determination of indicators and participants. At the same time, some researchers, with the help of the multiple streams framework, explained what factors influenced the formation of the TCM Law and of which the specific policy goal and policy content (23). So far, it is not difficult to see that, although the above studies give us relatively multi-dimensional and comprehensive understandings of TCMDPs, they almost used the qualitative content analysis method to analyze specific TDMDPs. To our pleasure, some studies have also attempted to use quantitative textual methods to analyze some TDMDPs in recent years. The main research results mainly involve specific TCM study fields such as comprehensive development (24), inheritance and innovation (25), health service (26, 27), and preventive treatment of disease (28), which provide valuable insights into our better understanding of TCMDPs. However, these quantitative textual studies still had unsatisfying shortcomings, of which the apparent aspects, including single perspective and homogeneous method, only involved the theory of policy tools and had not used other quantitative textual techniques, which therefore made the study conclusions similar and little marginal contribution in giving us a panoramic response to TCMDPs evaluation.

Policy design and evaluation are complex and systematic projects that are vital links in the policy life cycle and relate to realizing policy goals (29–31). Hence, selecting appropriate evaluation tools or models has become an important research topic in policy evaluation (32). Only by choosing proper and scientific evaluation tools or models can the reliability of evaluation results be guaranteed (33). The PMC index model is a method to construct a unified evaluation indicator system based on the elements of the policy text and to evaluate a single or a series of policies quantitatively (34). Compared with other policy evaluation methods, the PMC index model has quantitative advantages and is widely used in many fields of policy evaluation. Specifically, Kuang et al. (35) evaluated eight cultivated land protection policies issued by the Chinese central government since 2004 and found great room for improvement regarding the combination of policy tools and content integrity. Dai et al. (36), based on a study on 16 green development policies concerning the Yangtze River Economic Belt, suggested five indicators, including policy timeliness, social benefits, audience scope, incentives, and constraints, significantly affected the quality of policy design. Liu and Liu (37) analyzed waste separation management policies issued by central government departments and provincial governments in the Yangtze River Delta from 2013 to 2021 and found that existing policies have great potential for optimization in terms of stricter constraint regulations, context-appropriate incentives, and the cultivation of market participants. In addition, many studies were using the PMC index model for fields, including new energy industry policy (38, 39), plastic bag ban policy (40), and textile industry policy (41), as well as ecological compensation policy (42), which reflected that this evaluation tool has good applicability and effectiveness in facilitating the quantitative policy studies and opening the black box in policy design. It is worth mentioning that some scholars have tried to combine emerging methods such as big-data text mining and the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model to assist in identifying and measuring policy text content based on the PMC index model, which was a fruitful attempt to minimize subjectivity and instability in the policy evaluation process (43, 44). The applications of the PMC index model in previous studies are in the ascendant and have given us many gratifying research results. However, to our knowledge, no attention has been paid to applying this method in evaluating TCMDPs directly.

In conclusion, we found that previous studies still had some deficiencies in the field of TCMDP evaluation, which mainly includes the following two aspects: (1) The inherent components of TCMDPs had not been explored from the structural dimension of policy design. (2) Previous literature that lacked historical perspectives had neglected to take more TCMDPs with a long history into analyzing and only considered a few TCMDPs. The two made our overall and specific understanding of TCMDPs still been lacked. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the current TCMDPs with the help of practical tools to provide improvement implications that can be used for reference in subsequent TCMDPs making. Through our review of the relevant literature about the PMC index model, we believe that it provides us with not only a new perspective for thinking but also a more operable, objective, and appropriate tool for assessing the strengths and weaknesses of TCMDPs. Hence, to narrow this academic gap, this study focuses on evaluating the consistency of TCMDPs in a more extended period and with a more extensive sample set, using the PMC index model and comprehensive policy evaluation indicator system to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of TCMDPs and aiming to extend knowledge regarding the essential elements of high-quality policy texts.

The retrieval and acquisition of policy texts mainly come from the official portal websites of the Chinese central government and its ministries and commissions, the Beijing University Laws and Regulations Database (https://www.pkulaw.com/), CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) governmental policy texts database (http://r.cnki.net/kns/brief/result.aspx?dbprefix=gwkt), and other common search platforms (e.g., Google, Baidu, and Bing et al.) as a comparison and supplement for data collection. Besides, it should be pointed out that, to avoid the problems of repeated, invalid, and omitted collection of policy texts and to improve the effectiveness, comprehensiveness, and applicability of data, this study adopts the following retrieval strategies: (1) The main goals of policy texts needed to involve the field concerning TCM development, and crucial expressions/words (e.g., “TCM undertakings,” “TCM development” et al.) should appear many times in the content of the policy text; (2) The period for TCMDPs retrieval was set to be from 1980 to 2022; (3) The issuing agencies of TCMDPs were at the national level, including the State Council, national ministries and commissions, their subordinate national bureaus, and other entities; (4) Policy texts such as plans, outlines, opinions, measures and notices that could fully characterize and interpret the relevant content of TCM development are mainly selected, while policy texts such as letters, approvals and other content that were too brief and mainly concerning about list publication, review results, project establishment or technical guidelines were eliminated. Thus, we obtained a total of 454 TCMDPs at the first stage. However, to further ensure the representativeness of the TCMDPs and the consistency in the evaluation process, this paper, based on conducting a secondary screening, excluded some policy texts that had been repealed (or revised) or only concerned with single-dimensional content for the TCM development. In the end, 121 policy texts that met the research requirements and were closely related to the research topic were carefully determined (some selected TCMDPs are shown in Table 1).

According to the inter-annual changes in the number of TCMDPs issued in Figure 2, we chose 2003 and 2011 as two particular time points to divide the time axis into three stages for facilitating analysis and discussion. In the first stage (1980–2002), the inter-annual number of TCMDPs issued remained low and did not change sharply. Instead, the number of TCMDPs issued had significantly increased since the Chinese central government established the NATCM, which indicated the government had a greater interest in developing TCM. Generally, this stage is a foundational period for the formation of TCMDPs and institutional mechanisms since the reform and opening up in China, in which the central government has accordingly issued a series of basic TCMDPs such as “Opinions on Strengthening Higher Education of TCM,” “National Regulations on the Work of TCM Hospitals” and “Several Opinions of the State Council on the Development of TCM” for providing essential solid support for the TCM development in the early stage of economic system reform. In the second stage (2003–2010), the inter-annual changes in the number of TCMDPs issued were dramatic. In April 2003, the State Council of PRC (People's Republic of China) issued the “Regulations of the People's Republic of China on TCM,” which motivated relative departments to pay more attention to TCMDPs design and made the number of TCMDPs issued quickly reach a small peak that year. In March 2009, CCCPC (Central Committee of the Communist Party of China) and SC (State Council of PRC) promulgated the “Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Medical and Health System” and launched a new round of reform of the medical and health system, which pointed out the need to play the role of TCM further, and jointly promoted the intensive formation of many subsequent TCMDPs (e.g., “Several Opinions on Supporting and Promoting the Development of TCM,” “Opinions on Further Playing the Role of TCM in Deepening the Reform of the Medical and Health System” and “Implementation Opinions on Simultaneously Promoting the Comprehensive Reform of Public TCM Hospitals,” et al.). In the third stage (from 2012 to the present), the number of TCMDPs issued gradually declined. The Chinese central government has promulgated some policies, including “Outline of TCM Development Strategic Planning (2016–2030)” and “Opinions on Promoting TCM Inheritance, Innovation and Development” et al., which promoted TCM undertakings enter a high-quality and innovative period for better adapting to the development requirements and meeting the public needs in the new era. In conclusion, judging from the overall timeline and the content of specific policy issued, we suggested that the evolutionary trend of TCMDPs follow the path: “generation of the embryonic framework—system expansion—system refinement and improvement.”

The distribution of PMC index values of the 121 TCMDPs included in the study is shown in Figure 3. 121 TCMDPs' total mean values of the PMC index were 7.530 ± 0.835, of which 70 (57.85%) TCMDPs' PMC index values were over that. Specifically, in our analysis, the number of TCMDPs belonging to perfect grade, superb grade, excellent grade, good grade, and acceptable grade was 4 (3.31%), 35 (28.93%), 50 (41.32%), 28 (23.14%), and 4 (3.31%), respectively. At the same time, we did not find any TCMDPs belonging to a poor grade in the evaluation process. From the kernel density curve in Figure 3, it can be seen that the distribution of PMC index values shows an apparent left-biased shape (Skewness = −0.592, Median = 7.722), indicating that the overall quality of TCMDPs is nearly at an excellent level, while some TCMDPs show low-quality performance simultaneously needing further targeted improvement.

Figure 4 provides the statistical results of each first-level indicator. The mean values of policy structure (X1), policy tendency (X2), and policy orientation (X3) reached 0.981 ± 0.066, 0.876 ± 0.144, and 0.915 ± 0.175, respectively, which indicated that TCMDPs generally had the completeness of the internal structure and the coordination of the elements, as well as the characteristics of comprehensive and precise content, simultaneously considered different policy tendency (e.g., supervision, suggestion, description, guidance, and prediction), and could follow the “input-process-output” policy chain. The mean value of policy timeliness (X4) is 0.791 ± 0.255, suggesting that TCMDPs could balance the long-term and short-term policy effects for maintaining the stability of the development of the TCM undertakings. The mean value of policy area (X5) is 0.795 ± 0.190, confirming the diversity and difference of goals between TCMDPs, and showing that it is necessary to make concerted efforts from various fields such as talents education, technological innovation, cultural inheritance, and system construction to realize the double-spiral development of soft power and hard power of TCM undertakings. Due to the promulgators of the TCMDPs included in this study being all at the national level, many TCMDPs directly made administrative instructions for regions (including provinces, municipalities, and autonomous territories, et al.), grassroots (including districts, counties, and towns et al.) and specific units. The policy perspective of most TCMDPs had macro, meso, and micro levels concurrently, so the mean value of policy perspective (X6) also reached 0.824 ± 0.244 correspondingly. The mean values of guarantees and incentives (X7) and object included (X8) were 0.829 ± 0.196 and 0.895 ± 0.161, respectively, indicating that, generally, TCMDPs can use various guarantees and incentives measures and incorporate multiple social subjects to promote the smooth and effective achievement of different policy goals. Additionally, it should be pointed out that due to the small number of documents issued by the State Council (including its General Office), most TCMDPs were issued by NATCM or other national ministries, resulting in the mean value of the issuing agency (X9) being only 0.625 ± 0.177, which is only slightly higher than the minimum value we prescribed of 0.5.

Applying the evaluation indicator system and PMC index model, we calculated and confirmed the multi-input/output matrix for the 19 TCMDPs, as shown in Supplementary Table S1, as well as the values of the first-level indicator for each policy and the corresponding PMC index, as shown in Table 4. Then, we also used the initial score table of the second-level evaluation indicators and the plots of PMC surfaces, combined the specific TCMDPs to focus on analyzing the consistencies of TCMDPs to make better micro-comparison between various TCMDPs and identify the features of those with multiple perspectives (Table 5 and Figure 5).

(1) Policy Structure (X1)

The mean values of second-level indicators, X1-1, X1-2, X1-3, and X1-4 of 121 TCMDPs included in this study were 0.950, 1, 1, and 0.975, respectively, which shows that most of TCMDPs, based on the existing political backgrounds (e.g., top-level policy designs, strategic layouts, meeting spirits et al.) and objective situations (e.g., significant issues, realistic challenges, social needs et al.), could set clear goals and form policy intentions for giving appropriate attention and responses to particular or global areas of TCM development. However, few policies ignore the description of the policy basis (e.g., P39) and the refinement of the policy content (e.g., P6).

(2) Policy Tendency (X2)

The shares of TCMDPs involving supervision, suggestion, guidance, and prediction in different policy tendencies were 90.91, 93.39, 97.52, and 56.20%, respectively. All TCMDPs had descriptive tendencies, and 50.41% of TCMDPs contained multiple policy tendencies simultaneously. Our study pointed out that, in the design process of TCMDPs, the policy tendencies, including supervision, suggestion, description, and guidance, have been generally paid attention to, but the prediction tendencies have been relatively weakened. In addition, some policies (e.g., P20) aimed at promoting international cooperation and exchanges in the field of TCM science and technology, thus weakening the role of supervision to a certain extent.

(3) Policy Orientation (X3)

The number of policy texts having input-based, process-based, and output-based orientations accounted for 80.99, 94.21, and 99.17%, respectively, and 78.51% of policy texts had the three at the same time, indicating that TCMDPs commonly concerned about the connection between selections of policy resources, the integration processes of policy elements, and the forms of policy results. In other words, current TCMDPs could strive to facilitate the smooth input of resources at the front end of the policy value chain, form a rational allocation of elements in the middle, and make overall estimates of policy results at the end, to effectively guide participants and all public sectors to establish reasonable expectations and make the achievement of the goals together. Meanwhile, some policies (e.g., P52) lacked attention to the input of resources, which might be detrimental to improving efficiency in policy implementation.

(4) Policy Timeliness (X4)

82.64 and 54.55% of the policy texts had medium-term and long-term policy impacts. All policy texts had short-term practical impacts joining medium-term or long-term impacts, while 17.36% had only short-term impacts. Combining with the review of specific policy texts, we found that TCMDPs with medium or long-term impact mostly belonged to certain policy types, such as guiding opinions, unique plans, and development outlines. For example, P70 proposed to “establish a complete TCM service trade management system in about 5 years”; P94 planned to build a high-quality TCM technology innovation system in an all-round way by 2030; P120 made an outlook on the goal and vision of more integration of TCM into the mainstream medical system of countries related to the “Belt and Road” in 2035.

(5) Policy Area (X5)

25.62% of the policy texts covered the nine major areas of TCM undertakings summarized in this study, and the share of policy texts involving five or more of the nine was up to 85.12%. Besides, the number of policy texts focusing on talent training, scientific and technological research, service capability improvement, and facility construction accounted for 96.69, 96.69, 91.74, and 91.74%, respectively. In our analysis combining the measurement results with the actual situation, we suggested that the areas that TCMDPs focus on were prominent, where that had hindered the development of TCM for so many years and needed to maintain long-term policy follow-up. Instead, the outlier policy sample, P105, just cared about the service capabilities, infrastructure construction, and management system improvement in the TCM comprehensive reform pilot area, where the policy function was slightly monotonous.

(6) Policy Perspective (X6)

The shares of TCMDPs having macro-level, meso-level, and micro-level perspectives were 91.74, 82.64, and 72.73%, respectively, while the share of TCMDPs having all three perspectives was 61.16%, which shows that many TCMDPs at the national level could respond to practical matters and did good jobs in regional planning and grassroots guidance while implementing a global institutional arrangement. Simultaneously, a few TCMDPs only focused on a single-level policy area. For example, P87 only gave explanations from the macro-level construction of the TCM regulatory system; P104 only guided the pilot work of clinical collaboration between TCM and Western medicine from a micro-level perspective.

(7) Guarantees and Incentives (X7)

The most frequently used guarantees and incentives measures of TCMDPs were organization (X7-1, 96.69%), assessment (X7-4, 91.74%), and financial support (X7-2, 77.69%), as well as mobilization (X7-3, 65.29%) from top to down. 49.59% of TCMDPs concurrently used the above four measures, while only two TCMDPs used only one of the four, indicating that the realization of complex and interrelated TCM development goals needed to rely on the combination of relatively comprehensive measures. From the perspective of abnormal policy samples, for example, P5 only emphasized the requirement to form a specific organizational guarantee in strengthening the construction of TCM specialties while ignoring the connection and application of other measures.

(8) Object Included (X8)

92.56% of TCMDPs included administrations and healthcare institutions that might be impacted by policies, while 69.42% of TCMDPs included three types of objects simultaneously. On the one hand, it shows that the administrations and healthcare institutions played an important role in promoting TCM development. On the other hand, it tells us that TCM development should not rely solely on the internal forces of the administrations and healthcare institutions but should also introduce other social forces to form a wide-range and of multi-subject interactions. For example, P49 encouraged social forces to invest in the establishment of TCM preventive healthcare service institutions; P109 mobilized local governments to set up TCM development funds that embody the characteristics of government guidance, social capital participation, and market-oriented operation.

(9) Issuing Agency (X9)

63.64% of TCMDPs were issued independently by the NATCM and other departments at the deputy ministerial level and below, while the number of TCMDPs issued and implemented by ministries and commissions at the ministerial level was relatively small. It can be seen that, although NATCM played a significant role in promoting the TCM development and undertook a lot of policy formulation work, the participation of other national ministries and commissions in this aspect was not enough, which shows the difficulties in forming a cooperative relationship between governmental department at different administration level in the development of TCM. Meanwhile, although the number of TCMDPs directly issued by the State Council of PRC was only six, they all had top-level design nature and planning effects and could send a powerful policy signal to the development of TCM.

The PMC surface charts for selected policies were drawn based on the measurement results of the PMC index matrixes, enabling us to more intuitively see the advantages and disadvantages of TCMDPs in design according to the degree of the graphical concave and convex. According to the classification of relevant literature (34, 37), specifically, the values of the first-level indicators belong to the [0.9, 1.0] interval, [0.7, 0.9) interval, [0.5, 0.7) interval, [0.3, 0.5) interval, or [0.0, 0.3) interval, meaning that the corresponding indicators have “excellent performance,” “good performance,” “good performance,” “acceptable performance,” “non-satisfactory performance,” and “poor performance,” respectively.

As Figure 5 shows, PMC surface charts for P114, P87, P20, and P5 are located in a three-dimensional coordinate system, in which x-coordinates of the matrix are denoted 1, 2, and 3 in the figure, and the y-coordinates are denoted series 1, series 2, and series 3. In each PMC index surface, the convex part corresponds to a higher PMC index, and the concave portion corresponds to a lower PMC index. The value of each first-level indicator of P114 is one, so its surface shape is a plane. Due to the advantages and disadvantages of designs of each policy being reflected in different aspects except for something similar in policy structure (X1), policy tendency (X2), and policy timeliness (X4), the shapes of PMC index surfaces P87, P20, and P5 are pretty different. Specifically, the P87 performed better on policy tendency (X2) and policy orientation (X3) but languished on policy area (X5) and policy perspective (X6); the P20 performed better on policy area (X5) and object included (X8) but languished on issuing agency (X9). Moreover, the PMC surface chart of P5 showed a shape liking to the waterfall, sloping from the high-value side to the low-value side, due to its poor scores on policy orientation (X3), policy area (X5), and policy perspective (X6). In conclusion, compared with P20 and P5, policy texts with good consistency are exemplified by P114 and P87.

The main goal of the current study, using the PMC index model, was to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the design quality of 121 TCMDPs issued by the Chinese central government (including its various departments) over the past four decades and probe the level of consistency of TCMDPs from the holistic and specific perspectives, which let us obtain some interesting conclusions given below.

The holistic consistencies of TCMDPs selected in the current study had excellent and reasonable performances. Among the policy clusters studied, four policies were rated as “perfect,” 35 were rated as “superb,” 50 were rated as “excellent,” and 28 were rated as “good.” Only four were rated as “acceptable,” with the total mean values of the PMC index being 7.530 ± 0.835. In our view, most TCMDPs incorporated a wealth of structural components in the overall design and could sort out and present the collocation logic of multi-dimensional components. Whether it was from the PMC index absolute values or the distribution of the grade interval of the PMC index values, TCMDPs generally showed good consistency and the rationality of policy design. At the same time, only a tiny number of TCMDPs had outlier tendencies and abnormal characteristics in measurement values of the PMC index, first-level indicator, and second-level indicator. Specifically, the designs of TCMDPs had some points worthy of affirmation and our approval as follows: (The degree of internal coupling of the TCMDPs' policy system was relatively high. The policy structures (X1), tendencies (X2), and orientations (X3) could generally be taken into account as much as possible during the design process of TCMDPs. (2) The connection between policy timeliness (X4) and policy areas (X5) shown in the TCMDPs' internal components could form a policy impact layout combined time and space dimensions, balancing short-term and medium-long-term effects, as well as the micro and medium-macro fields in TCM developments. (3) TCMDPs thought over a variety of policy perspectives and guarantees and incentives measures and the appropriate connections between the two. (4) Due to the complexity and richness of the TCM development, unlike policies from other fields that affect only a single object, TCMDPs, to a certain, could be good at identifying the various related objects and guiding them to form sustainable cooperation and participation in achieving policy goals.

Besides, although most TCMDPs had excellent policy design and policy consistency, the potential weaknesses and inherent deficiencies in the design of TCMDPs also need our attention and analysis based on careful checks on the outlier policy samples. The deficiencies in the following aspects can be roughly summarized based on the previous PMC index measurement results and specific policy contents: (1) The few TCMDPs concentrated too much on the advancement of temporary work but failed to make reasonable assessments and clear explanations of policy goals and expected effects. (2) Partial TCMDPs had circumscribed focus on particular policy areas, emphasizing some essential topics, such as TCM industry, cultural inheritance, and external exchange. (3) Some policies unilaterally use administrative and mandatory measures such as strengthening the organization and regulations to promote the realization of policy goals, ignoring the application of economic and incentive measures such as financial support, publicity, and mobilization. (4) The governmental departments that issued TCMDPs were too centralized, i.e., most policies were promulgated by NATCM. In contrast, the number of policies promulgated by led or involved dominant national ministries or commissions were small, making it challenging to form sectoral cooperations at the national level to promote TCM improvement.

Based on the above analysis, in our view, the findings of this study have significant implications for the understanding of how to optimize the structural design in TCMDPs design.

The combination and relationship of various elements in TCMDPs must be re-examined and optimized. TCMDPs are an essential carrier of the Chinese central government's will to support and encourage the sustainable and healthy development of TCM undertakings, of which transmissions of policy information (e.g., content composition, coverage, and impactful period et al.) are closely related to the actual policy effectiveness. Hence, some efforts should be made in time to achieve these goals, i.e., we should further re-examine and rationalize the existing policy elements and their corresponding relationships and start from the weaknesses to carry out targeted optimization. First, issuing agencies should follow the normative strategy in policy design, further improve the combination and relationship of different essential components of the policy, and form a complete policy structure framework of “base-target-path.” Second, issuing agencies should follow the scientific strategy in policy design, consider different policy tendencies, and appropriately enhance policy forecasting ability. Third, issuing agencies also should follow the holistic strategy in policy design, starting from the overall perspective of “time-space-process” and according to the actual needs for achieving policy goals, coordinate the content of policy timeliness, policy areas, and policy perspectives.

The double guarantee mechanisms and policy implementation measures need to be further strengthened. As mentioned above, the low PMC index values of some TCMDPs could be attributed to the lack of policy design in the dimension of safeguarding to a certain extent. However, TCM development is a complex systemic project that requires multi-departmental cooperation and multi-stakeholder participation. Hence, we emphasize that some work should be done as follows. On the one hand, several guarantee and incentive measures and frequency of financial support, as well as mobilization measures, will be further enhanced, providing an objective resource for the realization of TCM development goals and urging all parties to clarify their awareness of subject responsibility and to improve their willingness to act for the policy goals. On the other hand, it is necessary to clarify the specific responsibilities and potential participation possibilities of different national ministries and commissions in promoting TCM development and strengthen the synergy between NATCM and other ministries as well as commissions, i.e., according to different TCM development agendas, relevant departments can be involved in the design, promulgation, and implementation of TCMDPs in time, forming the functional integration of various administrative systems and providing more reliable and variable support for TCM development.

We emphasize that the policy evaluation method used in this current study, the PMC index model is scarce in the TCMDPs. To a certain extent, this study can provide new ideas and lay a theoretical foundation for future policy evaluation of TCM development, which findings should help to improve our understanding of the design of TCMDPs.

However, this study also has some limitations due to time and scope constraints. First, the policy samples were selected in this study through rigorous and targeted screening, mainly including policies issued at the national level but not at the local level, which made the generalisability of these results subject to certain restrictions. Second, the PMC index model is a simple summation and averaging and affirms a priori that indicators from all aspects of the evaluation indicator system are equally important. Although the setting refinement and quantitative difference of second-level indicators may feedback the weights into the first-level indicators to a certain extent, it does not integrate information across each evaluation indicator, thereby making it less helpful and effective to identify the relationship and significant relative differences between the different evaluation indicators. Future research can be carried out as follows: (1) Pay more attention to the TCMDPs issued by local governments, which may have more characteristics based on local conditions of TCM development that need to be analyzed. (2) Combining AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and other methods to assign weights to indicators at all levels to reflect the relative importance of each indicator may help us obtain a more objective understanding of policy consistency.