AUTHOR=Wang Yanhuan , Xu Lina , Wang Na , Zhu Ling , Zhao Fouxi , Xu Kelin , Liu Tao , Fu Chaowei 

TITLE=Associations of Dietary Patterns and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in a Community Population Cohort From Southwest China

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Public Health

VOLUME=Volume 10 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.773172

DOI=10.3389/fpubh.2022.773172

ISSN=2296-2565

ABSTRACT=Background
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rising rapidly worldwide, but there are scant empirical data on the association between diet and diabetes in Southwest China.
Methods
In this prospective community-population cohort study from Guizhou Province, China since 2010, 7,023 eligible adults were included. Dietary information was obtained by face-to-face interview with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis. The hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated for the associations between various dietary patterns and incident T2D risk by cox proportional hazard model.
Results
Until 2020, a total of 749 new T2D cases were identified during the average follow-up of 7.05 years and the incidence was 14.75/ 1,000 person-years. Two main dietary patterns from the food frequency questionnaire were identified by factor analysis, i.e., vegetable-grain pattern and junk food pattern. In the multivariate analysis, a 28% and 20% lower risk of T2D was observed at the low intake of junk food pattern (HR: 0.72, 95%CI: 0.60-0.87) and the high intake of vegetable-grain pattern (HR: 0.80, 95%CI: 0.67-0.96) after adjustment for potential confounding factors, compared with the medium intake of such patterns, respectively. Positive linear relationships were found between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at follow-up and its change with junk food pattern, while there were inverse linear associations with vegetable-grain pattern.
Conclusion
Higher adherence to vegetable-grain pattern and lower adherence to junk food pattern significantly lowered T2D incidence among the population in Southwest China. Moving towards a healthier dietary model deserves more attention to develop interventions for the prevention of type 2 diabetes.