AUTHOR=Zhou Linlin , Feng Wei , Xiang Na , Cheng Yue , Ya Xudong , Wang Mingxia , Wang Xingqi , Liu Yujia 

TITLE=Association between physical activity dimensions and the risk of hypertension among middle and older adults: A cross-sectional study in China

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Public Health

VOLUME=Volume 10 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.995755

DOI=10.3389/fpubh.2022.995755

ISSN=2296-2565

ABSTRACT=Background: It is known that insufficient physical activity is associated with the risk of hypertension, but the relationship to different physical activity dimensions within hypertension risk remains to be elucidated.
Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the association between physical activity intensity, frequency, duration, and volume with hypertension risk. Meanwhile, a dose-response experiment is conducted to determine the relationship between physical activity level and hypertension risk.
Methods: Data came from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2018), which included 14266 participants over the age of 45. Binary logistic regression models were established to assess the associations between different dimensions of physical activity and the risk of hypertension. Restricted cubic spline analysis was used to examine possible non-linear associations between physical activity volume and hypertension risk.
Results: For frequency, lower hypertension risk was associated with performing vigorous physical activity 6-7d/w (OR 0.83, 95%CI 0.73 to 0.94) and moderate physical activity 6-7d/w (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.80 to 0.99). No significant association between any light physical activity frequency and hypertension was observed before and after being adjusted. For the duration, lower hypertension risk was observed in performing vigorous physical activity ≥240min/d (OR 0.86, 95%CI 0.75 to 0.98) and moderate physical activity≥240min/d (OR 0.83, 95%CI 0.71 to 0.97). For volume, the risks of hypertension in the participants who reported a total physical activity of level 3 and level 4 were reduced by 18% (OR 0.82,95%CI 0.72 to 0.95) and 21% (OR 0.79, 95%CI 0.68 to 0.91). A non‐linear dose‐response association between total physical activity and the risk of hypertension among all of the participants (P non-linearity<0.05). 
Conclusions: Higher frequency and longer duration of vigorous physical activity or moderate physical activity were significantly associated with a lower risk of hypertension. Higher physical activity levels were associated with a lower risk of hypertension and there was an inverse non-linear dose-response relationship between weekly total physical activity and the risk of hypertension. These findings provide further proof that hypertension could be prevented through increased physical activity.