AUTHOR=Bühler Antje H. , Willmund Gerd-Dieter 

TITLE=Deployment-related quarantining—a risk or resilience factor for German military service members? A prospective analysis during the third–fifth waves of COVID-19

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Public Health

VOLUME=Volume 11 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1267581

DOI=10.3389/fpubh.2023.1267581

ISSN=2296-2565

ABSTRACT=Background: Mandatory deployment-related quarantining added further constraints on soldiers during the pandemic. Contrary to overwhelming research documenting an adverse impact of quarantining on mental health, no adverse short-term mental health effects of pre-deployment quarantining for German soldiers were identified. Therefore, we are interested in a potentially delayed onset, the impact of an additional post-deployment quarantine and quarantine-associated risk and resilience factors predicting mental health post-deployment.In a prospective research design, 928 German soldiers enrolled in the study at the inprocessing of pre-deployment quarantine between February 2021 and March 2022. Every German military service member undergoing pre-deployment quarantine could participate. Soldiers were between 18 and 64 years old, 87.5% identified as male and 12.5% as female. Self-reported mental health (Mini-SCL), perceived social support (FSozU-K22) and perceived unit cohesion were assessed three to five times: at the beginning and the end of pre-deployment quarantine (Nt1=928, Nt2=907),if still mandatory -at the beginning and at the end of post-deployment quarantine (Nt3= 143, Nt4=132), and three months post-deployment, on average seven to eight months later than pre-deployment quarantine (Nt5=308). The analyzed quarantine-associated risk and resilience factors were: informedness about COVID-19, infection risk, quarantine benefit, clarity of quarantine protocol, need for intimacy/bonding, norms, stigma, practicality, financial disadvantages, boredom, and health promoting leadership.Results: In spite of four different mental health trajectories identified, repeated measures ANOVAs revealed a significant improvement of mental health post-deployment (F[2,265]= 21.54, p < 0.001), a small decrease in social support (F[2,266]= 16.85, p < 0.001) and no significant changes in unit cohesion (F[2,264]= .482, p=.618) three months post-deployment. Using stepwise regressions, 24% in mental health post-deployment is predicted pre-deployment by clear quarantine protocol, unit cohesion, intimacy/bonding and social support (F[4,263]= 22.23, p< 0.001). 30% in mental health at This is a provisional file, not the final typeset article.the end of post-deployment quarantine is predicted by stigma and clear quarantine protocol (F[2,99]= 22.22, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Though no overall adverse impact of quarantining on mental health was found, it is recommended to address perceived stigma and clearly communicate the quarantine protocol, and to further follow up on the perceived decrease in social support.