AUTHOR=Ma Chenyang , Zhang Hanqing 

TITLE=A cross-sectional study on self-medication with over-the-counter drugs among adolescents: an analysis of current practices

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Public Health

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1560299

DOI=10.3389/fpubh.2025.1560299

ISSN=2296-2565

ABSTRACT=BackgroundSelf-medication refers to individuals using over-the-counter (OTC) medications to manage self-diagnosed health issues or symptoms without professional medical guidance. Although OTC medications are generally considered safe and effective, significant knowledge gaps and safety risks persist among adolescents when using these drugs. This study aims to explore the self-medication behaviors of adolescents in China regarding OTC medications and the influencing factors.ObjectiveThis study explores adolescent self-medication strategies for OTC drug use through multi-setting surveys in hospitals, pharmacies, and schools, aiming to enhance understanding of adolescents’ medication behaviors and improve awareness of safe medication practices.MethodsThis cross-sectional study distributed data via questionnaires from adolescents aged 12 to 18 between August 2023 and August 2024. The questionnaire included demographic information, health status, OTC medication usage patterns, motivations for use, knowledge of OTC drugs, and purchasing behaviors. A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed, and after logical consistency checks, 573 valid questionnaires were included in the final analysis.ResultsThe study found that 97.5% of adolescents used OTC medications in the past year, with 52.5% using them 1–2 times, 31% using them 3–5 times, and 14% using them more than 5 times. However, 23.75% lacked knowledge of proper usage, 25.67% misunderstood antibiotic use, 6.67% were unaware of adverse reactions, and 9.17% did not recognize Traditional Chinese Medicine side effects.ConclusionThis study highlights common self-medication among adolescents with significant knowledge gaps on OTC drugs and side effects. It calls for better health education, especially in schools, and a more active role for pharmacists and healthcare professionals. Regulatory bodies should enhance oversight, and future research should explore OTC traditional Chinese medicines and social adaptability.