AUTHOR=Foote Eric M. , Bouchard Ellen L. , Acharya Charlotte B. , Baylis Elizabeth F. , Bell John M. , Morales Christina , Arunleung Phacharee , Gonzalez Andreina Urrutia , Conston Jacob , Liu Stephenie , Davis Ryan , Brown Jeremy , Hnyp Natalie , Ashtari Siranoosh , Laxamana Alyssa , Rashbrook Vanessa , Froenicke Lutz , Jacobson Kathleen , Michelmore Richard , Wadford Debra A. 

TITLE=SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance using rapid point of care COVID-19 antigen tests at public test sites in California

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Public Health

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1620651

DOI=10.3389/fpubh.2025.1620651

ISSN=2296-2565

ABSTRACT=California’s SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance program (California COVIDNet) developed whole genomic sequencing (WGS) capability from positive COVID-19 antigen tests to maintain genomic surveillance from public test sites. Over 4-months, COVIDNet sourced specimens from positive COVID-19 antigen tests from 142 California public test sites in 43 counties. Successful WGS was defined as at least 83% reference coverage with a minimum 20x genomic read depth. There were 14,088 SARS-CoV-2 genomes obtained from positive antigen tests with a success rate of 92.9%. The program generated 13.9% of SARS-CoV-2 sequences in California and 2.7% of sequences in the US during the program operation period. In one rural region, 69% of all SARS-CoV-2 sequences were generated by the program. California successfully transitioned SARS-CoV-2 WGS on a statewide scale to specimens sourced from positive antigen tests. Community-based testing coupled with a comprehensive genomic surveillance program provides a statewide strategy applicable to other pathogens of public health significance.